IJPR.2019.191
Type of Article: Original Research
Volume 7; Issue 6 (December 2019)
Page No.: 3313-3319
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2019.191
EFFECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN COMMUNITY DWELLING SOUTH INDIAN OLDER ADULTS
Samuel S. E 1, Kumar H 2, Bangera A *3.
1 Professor & Principal, Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, Mangalore, India.
2 Prof & HOD of Community Medicine, A J Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore, India.
*3 Post Graduate Student (Corresponding author), Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, Mangalore, India.
Corresponding author: Anukshaya Jinnappa Bangera, Post-graduate student (Community based rehabilitation), Laxmi Memorial College of Physiotherapy, A J Towers, Balmatta, Mangalore- 570002
Contact no- 9619869208 / 9148452125 E-Mail: nukshayabangera@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Different patterns of activities were reported due to different cultural attitudes of the individuals. Socio-economic status should be taken into consideration when exploring the effect of socio-economic status on health over the life course. Available literature brings out limited studies on socio-economic status and its association with physical activity. In view of above, present study was undertaken to determine an association between selected demographic variables, BMI and physical activity, among older adults, in south India.
Materials and Methods: Present study is a community based cross-sectional study, undertaken among older adults (> 55 years and above). Purposive sampling method was used to select the study subjects. A total of 63 older adults were included in the study. The study was conducted over a period of one and half years from 01 January 2018 to 30 June 2019, in selected urban and semi-urban areas in Dakshina Kannada district, Karnataka (India).
Results: The study comprised of a total of 63 older adults which included 32 (50.79%) males while remaining 31(49.20%) were females. The physical activity levels were found to be highest (33.33%) in 55-60 years age group while these were lowest (0.00%) in 75 years and above, age group. The association between physical activity and age, was found to be statistically significant. (p value= 0.015)
Discussion: In our study, out of 21 older adults from middle SES class 13 (61.90%) were found to be having low physical activity, while in lower SES group out of 21 subjects 9 (42.85%) were found to be having high physical activity levels. However, the subjects from upper SES group, revealed low levels of physical activity as only 02(09.52%) out of 21 subjects showed high levels of physical activity.
Conclusion: Present study brings out significant association between physical activity and BMI, while no association was observed between socio-economic status and physical activity. Further, low levels of physical activity were observed across all SES groups,
KEY WORDS: Socio-Economic Status, Physical Activity, Bmi, Community Dwelling.
REFERENCES
- World Health Organization. Facts on physical activity; 2014. Internet. Cited 2016 Aug 6. Available from http: //wwwwhoint /features /factfiles /physical _activity/en.
- Caspersen CJ, Powell KE, Christenson GM. Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Rep. 1985; 100(2): 126–31.
- Paterson DH, Jones GR, Rice CL. Ageing and physical activity: Evidence to develop exercise recommendations for older adults. Appl Physiol Nutr Metabol. 2007; 32 (4): 69–108.
- Kro´ l-Zielin´ ska M, Kusy K, Zielin´ski J, Osin´ ski W. Physical activity and functional fitness in institutionalized vs. independently living elderly: A comparison of 70–80-year-old city-dwellers. ArchGerontol Geriat. 2011; 53 (1): 10–16.
- Demura S, Minami M, Nagasawa Y, Tada N, Matsuzawa J, Sato S. Physical-fitness declines in older Japanese adults. J Aging Phys Activ. 2003; 11(1): 112–22.
- World Health Organization. Physical activity. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity. Accessed on 31 July 2019.
- Beard HP, Bloom DE. Towards a comprehensive public health response to population ageing. Lancet (London, England). 2015 Feb 14; 385(9968):658.
- Guralnik JM, Fried LP, Salive ME. Disability as a public health outcome in the aging population. Annu Rev Public Health. 1996; 17(0):25-46.
- Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Geneva, 2010.
- Nelson ME, Rejeski WJ, Blair SN. Physical activity and public health in older adults: recommendation from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007; 116(9):1094–105.
- Shibata A, Oka K, Nakamura Y, Muraoka I. Recommended level of physical activity and health-related quality of life among Japanese adults. Health and quality of life outcomes. 2007 Dec;5(1):64.
- Landi F, Onder G, Carpenter I, Cesari M, Soldato M, Bernabei R. Physical activity prevented functional decline among frail community-living elderly subjects in an international observational study. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007; 60(5): 518–24.
- Lin G. Regional assessment of elderly disability in the U.S. Soc Sci Med. 2000; 50(7-8):1015–24.
- Satin MS, Monetti CH. Census tract predictors of physical, psychological, and social functioning for needs assessment. Health Serv Res.1985; 20(3):341–58.
- Robert S, House JS. SES differentials in health by age and alternative indicators of SES. Journal of aging and health. 1996 Aug;8(3):359-88.
- Robert SA. Community-level socioeconomic status effects on adult health. J Health SocBehav. 1998; 39(1) :18–37.
- Balfour JL. Neighbourhood environment and loss of physical function in older people: evidence from three studies of aging in the California Bay area. J. Epidemiol. 1999; 149(11):52.
- Robert SA, Li LW. Age variation in the relationship between community socioeconomic status and adult health. Research on aging. 2001 Mar;23(2):234-59.
- Fisher KJ, Li F, Michael Y, Cleveland M. Neighbourhood-level influences on physical activity among older adults: a multilevel analysis. J Aging Phys Act. 2004; 12(1):45– 63.
- Kamphuis CB, Van Lenthe FJ, Giskes K, Huisman M, Brug J, Mackenbach JP. Socioeconomic status, environmental and individual factors, and sports participation. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2008 Jan 1;40(1):71-81.
- Wilcox S, Bopp M, Oberrecht L, Kammermann SK, McElmurray CT. Psychosocial and perceived environmental correlates of physical activity in rural and older African American and white women. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2003; 58(6):329–37.
- Hayes L, White M, Unwin N, Bhopal R, Fischbacher C, Harland J, AlbertiK, Patterns of physical activity and relationship with risk markers for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi and European adults in UK populations. Public Health. 2003; 24(3); 170-178.
- Saleem SM. Modified Kuppuswamy Scale Updated For Year 2018. PIJR. 2018;7(3): 1-5.
- L. Craig, A. Marshall, M. Sjostrom, A. Bauman, M. Booth, B. Ainsworth, et al. International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc.2003; 35: 1381–1395.
- Ainsworth BE, Haskell WL, Whitt MC, Irwin ML, Swartz AM, Strath SJ, O’Brien WL et al. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Med Sci Sports Exercise.2000;32: S498-504.
- Wolin K Y, Heil D P, Askew S, Matthews C E, Bennett G G. Validation of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Among Blacks. J Phys Act Health. 2008; 5(5): 746–760.
- Tessier S, Vuillemin A, Bertrais S, Boini S, Le Bihan E, Oppert J.M, Hercberg S, Guillemein F, Briancon S. Association between leisure-time physical activity and health-related quality of life changes over time. Prevent. Med. 2007; 44(3):202–08.
- Stalsberg R, Pedersen A. Are differences in physical activity across socioeconomic groups associated with choice of physical activity variables to report?. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2018 May;15(5):922.
- Gidlow C, Johnston L H, Crone D, ElliS N, James D. A systematic review of the relationship between socio-economic position and physical activity. Health Educ J. 2006; 65(4): 338–67.
- Hadeel Halaweh, Carin Willén, Ulla Svantesson. Association between physical activity and physical functioning in community-dwelling older adults. J. Physiother. 2017; 19(1): 40-47.