https://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.html editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com
ISSN:       2321-1822 (E) 2321-8975 (P)

IJPR.2017.219

DOWNLOAD PDF
Table of Contents

Type of Article:  Original Research

Volume 5; Issue 5 (October 2017)

Page No.: 2405-2419

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2017.219

IMPACT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL VERSUS MODERATE INTENSITY CONTINUOUS TRAINING ON MODULATING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Heba A. Abdeen *1,  Engy M. El Nahas  2, Ghada A AbdAllah 3.

*1 Lecturer of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/ Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics,  Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt.

2 Lecturer of Physical Therapy for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt.

3 Lecturer in Basic Science Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.         

Address for Correspondence: Heba A. Abdeen, Lecturer of Physical Therapy for Cardiovascular/ Respiratory Disorder and Geriatrics,  Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Egypt. E-Mail: hebaabdin90@gmail.com

Abstract

Background: Estrogen has protective effects on the cardiovascular system due to which there is an increase in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in postmenopausal women.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effect of high intensity interval training versus moderate intensity continuous training on modulating cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women.

Participants and methods: Sixty obese hypertensive postmenopausal women participated in this study, their age ranged from 45-55 years. They were divided into two groups equal in number,(group- A; n=30) high intensity interval training group (HIT group) received high intensity interval training for 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks and (group-B; n=30) Moderate intensity continuous training group (MIT group) received moderate intensity continuous training for 3 sessions per week for 12 weeks and. Nitric oxide, blood pressure and BMI were measured before and after the study.

Results: The results of this study revealed a non-statistical significant difference (P>0.05) between both groups (A&B) in nitric oxide, blood pressure and BMI before the treatment, While, there was a highly statistical significant difference (P<0.01) after treatment in favor of group (A).

Conclusion: It could be concluded that HIT is more effective than MIT in improving levels of nitric oxide, blood pressure and BMI.

Key words: High intensity interval training, Moderate intensity continuous training, postmenopausal, hypertension.

REFERENCES

  1. RosanoC,Vitale  C,Marazzi G,Volterrani M. Menopause and cardiovascular disease: the evidence. Journal Climacteric 2007;10(1):19-24.
  2. Huang G, Wang D, Zeb I, Budoff MJ, Harman SM, Miller V, Brinton EA, Khoudary SR, Manson JE, Sow­ers MR, et al. Intra-thoracic fat, cardio-metabolic risk factors, and subclinical cardiovascular disease in healthy, recently menopausal women screened for the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS). Atherosclerosis. 2012 Mar;221(1):198-205.
  3. Armeni E, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopou­los G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, et al. Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic non-diabetic postmeno­pausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phe­notype. J Hypertens. 2013 Oct;31(10):1998-2004.
  4. Leuzzi C, Marzullo R, Modena MG. Is menopause a risk factor for ischemic heart disease in women? ItalCardiol (Rome).2012 June;13(6):401-6.
  5. Ley CJ, B. Lees, JC Stevenson. Sex- and menopause-as­sociated changes in body-fat distribution. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.1992;55:950-954.
  6. Burt VL, Whelton P, Roccella EJ, Brown C, Culter JA, Higgins M, et al. Prevalence of hypertension in the US population: results from the third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–1991.Hypertension 1995;25:305–313.
  7. Staessen JA, Celis H, Fagard R. The epidemiology of the association between hypertension and menopause. J Hum Hypertens1998;12:582–592.
  8. Staessen J, Bulpitt CJ, Fagard R, Lijnen P, Amery A. The influence of menopause on blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens1989; 3:427–433.
  9. Majmudar NG, Robson SC, Ford GA. Effects of the menopause, gender, and estrogen replacement therapy on vascular nitric oxide activity. J ClinEndocrinolMetab 2000;85:1577-83.
  10. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Rosner B, Speizer FE, Hennekens CH. Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med1987; 316:1105–10.
  11. Posnik-Urbanska A and Kawecka-Jaszcz K. Hyperten­sion in postmenopausal women–selected pathomech­anisms. Przegladlekarski. 2006;63(12):1313-7.
  12. Vincent HK, Vincent KR, Bourguignon C ,Braith RW. Obesity and postexercise oxidative stress in older women. Medicine and science in sports and exercise 2005;37(2):213-9.
  13. Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, Macera CA, Heath GW, ThompsonPD, Bauman A. Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation 2007;116:1081-1093.
  14. American College of Sports Medicine. Position stand: exercise and hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36:533-553.
  15. Guimarães GV, Ciolac EG, Carvalho VO, D’Ávila VM, Bortolotto LA, Bocchi EA. Effects of continuous vs interval exercise training on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in treated hypertension.Hypert Res 2010;33:627-632.
  16. Ciolac EG, Bocchi EA, Bortolotto LA, CarvalhoVO, Greve JMD, Guimarães GV. Effects of highintensity aerobic interval training vs. moderate exercise on hemodynamic, metabolic and neuro-humoral abnormalities of young normotensive women at high familial risk for hypertension. Hypert Res 2010;33:836-843.
  17. Ciolac EG, Bocchi EA, Greve JMD, Guimarães GV. Heart rate response to exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness of young women at high familial risk for hypertension: effects of interval vs continuous training. Eur J CardiovPrevRehabil 2011;18:824-830.
  18. Tjønna AE, Lee SJ, Rognmo Ø, Stølen TO, Bye A, Haram PM, Loennechen JP, Al-Share QY, SkogvollE, Slørdahl SA, Kemi OJ, Najjar SM, Wisløff U. Aerobic interval training versus continuous moderate exercise as a treatment for the metabolic syndrome. A pilot study. Circulation 2008.
  19. Reichert FF, Barros AJ, Domingues MR, et al. The role of perceived personal barriers to engagement in leisure-time physical activity. Am J Public Health 2007 Mar;97(3):515–9.
  20. Physical activity guidelines for Americans. Hyattsville (MD): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2008 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/chapter4.aspx[Accessed 2008 Jul 10]
  21. Kessler, H.S., Sisson, S.B. & Short, K.R. The Potential for High-Intensity Interval Training to Reduce Cardiometabolic Disease Risk . Sports Med 2012;42:489.
  22. Laursen PB, Jenkins DG. The scientific basis for high-intensity interval training: optimising training programmes and maximising performance in highly trained endurance athletes. Sports Med 2002;32(1):53–73.
  23. Gibala MJ, McGee SL. Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: a little pain for a lot of gain? Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2008 Apr; 36 (2): 58–63]
  24. JNC V. The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:154–183.
  25. Perloff D, Grim C, Flack JM, Frohlich E, Hill M, McDonald M, et al. Human blood pressure determination by sphygmomanometry. Circulation 1993;88:2460–2470
  26. Rossi R, T. Grimaldi, G. Origliani, G. Fantini, F. Coppi, M.G. Modena Cattedra di Cardiologia, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia . Menopause and cardiovascular risk Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb, 2002;32:325-328
  27. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushiman WC, Green LA, Izzo JI, Jones DW, Materson BW, Oparil S, Wright Jr JT, Rochella EJ. The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2003;42:1206–1252.
  28. Franco OH, Peeters A, Bonneux L, Laet C. Blood pressure in adulthood and life expectancy with cardiovascular disease in men and women: life course analysis. Hypertension 2005;46:1–7.
  29. Barrios V, Escobar C, Echarri R, Matalí A. Gender and blood pressure control. Hypertension 2008;51:e58.
  30. Mosca L, Appel LJ, Benjamin EJ, Berra K, Chandra-Strobos N, Fabunmi RP, Grady D, Haan CK, Hayes SN, Judelson DR, Keenan NL, McBride P, Oparil S, Ouyang P, Oz MC, Mendelsohn ME, Pasternak RC, Pinn VW, Robertson RM, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Sila CA, Smith Jr SC, Sopko G, Taylor AL, Walsh BW, Wenger NK, Williams CL. Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. Circulation 2004;109:672–6930.
  31. Schjerve IE, Tyldum GA, Tjonna AE, et al. Both aerobic endurance and strength training programmes improve cardiovascular health in obese adults. Clin Sci (Lond) 2008 Nov; 115(9):283–93.
  32. Padilla J, Harris RA, Rink LD, et al. Characterization of the brachial artery shear stress following walking exer­cise. Vasc Med. 2008;13(2):105–11.
  33. Whyte LJ, Ferguson C, Wilson J, et al. Effects of sin­gle bout of very high-intensity exercise on metabol­ic health biomarkers in overweight/obese sedentary men. Metabolism. 2013;62(2):212–9.
  34. Swain DP and Franklin BA. Comparison of cardio­protective benefits of vigorous versus moderate inten­sity aerobic exercise. Am J Cardiol. 2006;97(1):141–7. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.07.130
  35. Smart NA, Dieberg G, Giallauria F. Intermittent versus continuous exercise training in chronic heart failure: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2013;166(2):352–8.
  36. Sprung VS, Cuthbertson DJ, Pugh CJ, et al. Nitric ox­ide mediated cutaneous microvascular function is impaired in polycystic ovary sydrome but can be im­proved by exercise training. J Physiol. 2013 Mar 15;591(Pt 6):1475-87.
  37. Gibala MJ, Little JP, Macdonald MJ & Hawley JA . Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-inten­sity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol .2012; 590(pt5):1077-1084
  38. Shepherd SO, Cocks M, Tipton KD, et al. Sprint in­terval and traditional endurance training increase net intramuscular triglyceride breakdown and expression of perilipin 2 and 5. J Physiol .2013;591(pt3):657-675.
  39. Tanaka H, Dinenno FA, Monahan KD, Clevenger ,CM, DeSouza CA, Seals DR. Aging, habitual exercise, and dynamic arterial compliance.Circulation 2000;102:1270-1275.
  40. Ramos J S, Dalleck L C, Tjonna A E, Beetham K S., Coombes J S .The Impact of High-Intensity Interval Training Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Vascular Function: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis ,  Sports Medicine 2015;45(5):679–692.
  41. Trapp EG, Chisholm DJ, Freund J, Boutcher SH. The effects of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on fat loss and fasting insulin levels of young women. Int J Obes 2008;32:684-691
  42. Gillen J B, Percival M E, Ludzki A, Tarnpolskly MA,Gibala M J    Interval training Interval training in the fed or fasted state improves body composition and muscle oxidative capacity in overweight women.   OBESITY 2013;21(11):2249–2255.
  43. Wisloff U, Stoylen A, Loennechen JP, et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: a randomized study. Circulation 2007 Jun 19;115(24):3086–94.

Cite this article: Heba A. Abdeen, Engy M. El Nahas, Ghada A AbdAllah. IMPACT OF HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL VERSUS MODERATE INTENSITY CONTINUOUS TRAINING ON MODULATING CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTORS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN. Int J Physiother Res 2017;5(5):2405-2419. DOI: 10.16965/ijpr.2017.219