IJPR.2020.187

Type of Article:  Original Research

Volume 9; Issue 1 (January 2021)

Page No.: 3743-3753

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2020.187

Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of Individuals from Pune city after 6 weeks of Mild and Moderate grade COVID-19 infection

Aditi Soman *¹, Aditee Mangaonkar ².

^*1 Assistant professor, Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiotherapy, Deccan Education Society’s Brijlal Jindal College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra (INDIA).

² Final BPTh student, Deccan Education Society’s Brijlal Jindal College of Physiotherapy, Pune, Maharashtra (INDIA).

Corresponding Author: Dr Aditi Laukik Soman (PT), Deccan Education Society’s Brijlal Jindal College of Physiotherapy, Fergusson College Campus, Shivajinagar, Pune-411004, Maharashtra (INDIA). Telephone: 020-67656474

E-Mail: aditi.soman@despune.org

ABSTRACT

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus was declared as a global pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. India is the second worst hit by the pandemic in which Maharashtra records highest number of infected cases in the country with Pune topping the count. Prevalence of Mild and Moderate grade of COVID-19 infection is high among the population. HRQoL was found to be curtailed in adults who suffered from Upper respiratory tract infection and also in survivors of H1N1 pandemic, SARS and MERS epidemics.

Purpose of study: Alteration in individual’s HRQoL can affect his daily activities and community participation. There is a dearth of studies about the impact of COVID-19 infection on the quality of life of patients in Indian Population. Hence, the following study was undertaken and HRQoL was assessed using components of Short Form-12 questionnaire.

Results and main findings: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 121 individuals across Pune city, after a mean of 45 days after suffering from Mild (73%) or Moderate (27%) grade of COVID-19 infection. Out of the study population, 29% had one or more co-morbidities present such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, hypothyroidism. Results of the components of the SF-12 questionnaire of these individuals are as follows. 61.15% of the study population have no limitations in physical functioning, 65% have no limitation in role physical activities, 72.7% have no pain interference in their daily activities, 92.6% have positive general health perception, 90% have good amount of energy in their daily life, 89.2% have no significant interference in their social activities, 74% have no limitations in their daily activities due to their emotional health, 72.7% have felt peaceful for significant amount of the time and 64.9% individuals have not felt depressed or sad since the infection.

Conclusion: Health-related Quality of Life is not impaired in 61.15% of the population of Pune city who suffered from mild and moderate grade COVID-19 infection.

Clinical implication: This study can be helpful in planning a multidisciplinary treatment after 6 weeks of the infection for individuals who were mildly or moderately infected by COVID-19.

Key words: Covid-19, Health related quality of life, SF-12, persistent symptoms.

REFERENCES

[1]. Guqin Zhang, Chang Hu, Linjie Luo, Fang Fang, Yongfeng Chen, Jianguo Li, et. al Clinical features and outcomes of 221 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China medRxiv 2020.03.02.20030452
[2]. Machhi J, Herskovitz J, Senan AM, et al. The Natural History, Pathobiology, and Clinical Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infections. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2020;15(3):359-386.
[3]. Hussin A.Rothan, Siddappa N.Byrareddy. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Journal of Autoimmunity 2020; 109.
[4]. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019 (accessed).
[5]. David Reid. India confirms its first coronavirus case. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/30/india-confirms-first-case-of-the-coronavirus.html (accessed).
[6]. Soutik Biswas. Coronavirus: Has the pandemic really peaked in India? https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-54596707 (accessed).
[7]. https://www.coronatracker.com/country/india/ ) CoronaTracker. https://www.coronatracker.com/country/india/ (accessed).
[8]. Prof Chaolin Huang, MD, Yeming Wang, MD, Prof Xingwang Li, MD, Prof Lili Ren, PhD, Prof Jisnping Zhao, MD, Yi Hu, MD, et. al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet 2020; 395(10223)
[9]. Prof Eskiid Peterson, MD, Prof Marion Koopmans, DVM, Unyeong Go, MD, Davidson H hamer, MD Nicola Petrosillo, et. al. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza pandemics. The Lancet 2020; 20(9)
[10]. Esakandari, H., Nabi-Afjadi, M., Fakkari-Afjadi, J. et al. A comprehensive review of COVID-19 characteristics. Biol Proced Online 2020;22(19).
[11]. Rajesh T. Gandhi, M.D., John B. Lynch, M.D., M.P.H., and Carlos del Rio, M.D. Mild or Moderate COVID-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1757-1766.
[12]. Yu-Huan Xu, Jong-Hui Dong, Wei-Min An, Xi Ma, et.al. Clinical and computed tomographic imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Infection 2020; 80(4).
[13]. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239–1242.
[14]. G.-u. Kim, M.-J. Kim, S.H. Ra, J. Lee, S. Bae, J. Jung, S.-H. Kim. Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with mild COVID-19. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2020; 26(7):
[15]. Melina Michelen, Nicholas Jones and Charitini Stavropoulou. In patients of COVID-19, what are the symptoms and clinical features of mild and moderate cases? The Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2020. https://www.cebm.net/COVID-19/in-patients-of-COVID-19-what-are-the-symptoms-and-clinical-features-of-mild-and-moderate-case/#R10
[16]. Clinical Management Protocol:COVID-19; MoHFW, Government of India, version 3 https://www.mohfw.gov.in/pdf/ClinicalManagementProtocolforCOVID19.pdf
[17]. Pan L, Mu M, Yang P, et al. Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(5):766-773.
[18]. Ortiz-Prado E, Simbaña-Rivera K, Gómez-Barreno L, et al. Clinical, molecular, and epidemiological characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a comprehensive literature review. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2020;98(1):115094.
[19]. WHO R&D Blueprint ; https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/COVID-19_Treatment_Trial_Design_Master_Protocol_synopsis_Final_18022020.pdf
[20]. Chakrabarti Sankha Shubhra, Kaur Upinder, Banerjee Anindita, et al. COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity? [J]. Aging and disease, 2020; 11(3): 480-488.
[21]. Priyanka Saha, Arup Kumar Banerjee, Prem Prakash Tripathi, Amit Kumar Srivastava, Upasana Ray; A virus that has gone viral: amino acid mutation in S protein of Indian isolate of Coronavirus COVID-19 might impact receptor binding, and thus, infectivity. Biosci Rep 29 May 2020; 40 (5): BSR20201312.
[22]. Comparative analyses of SAR-CoV2 genomes from different geographical locations and other coronavirus family genomes reveals unique features potentially consequential to host-virus interaction and pathogenesis; Rahila Sardar, Deepshikha Satish, Shweta Birla, Dinesh Gupta; bioRxiv 2020;03.21.001586.
[23]. Amitabh Sinha, Anuradha Mascarenhas, Ajay Jadhav; Explained: How did Pune top coronavirus count for all of India? https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-how-pune-topped-covid-count-6587134/
[24]. Vijay KumarJain, Karthikeyan Iyengar, Abhishek Vaish, Raju Vaishya. Differential mortality in COVID-19 patients from India and western countries. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews 2020; 14(5).
[25]. Rajender S. Why India may do much better off with COVID-19. Polymorphism. 2020;4: 53-58.
[26]. Carfì A, Bernabei R, Landi F, for the Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Study Group. Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19. JAMA. 2020;324(6):603–605. doi:10.1001/jama.2020.12603
[27]. Eve Garrigues, Paul Janvier, Yousra Kherabi, Vasco Honsel, Bruno Fantin, Yann Nguyen, et al. Post-discharge persistent symptoms and health-related quality of life after hospitalization for COVID-19. Journal of Infection 2020;
[28]. Singh SJ, Barradell A, Greening N, Bolton CE, Jenkins G, Preston L, Hurst JR. The British Thoracic Society survey of rehabilitation to support recovery of the Post Covid -19 population. MedRxiv 2020;
[29]. Stephen J. Halpin, Claire McIvor, Gemma Whyatt, Anastasia Adams, Olivia Harvey, Lyndsay McLean et. al. Post-discharge symptoms and rehabilitation needs in survivors of COVID-19 infection: A cross-sectional evaluation. Journal of Medical Virology 2020. 10.1002/jmv.26368 (accessed).
[30]. Chen K-Y, Li T, Gong F-H, Zhang J-S and Li X-K. Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life and Influencing Factors for COVID-19 Patients, a Follow-Up at One Month. Front. Psychiatry 2020;11:668.
[31]. Chiara Temperoni, Francesco Barchiesi. Clinical characteristics, management and health-related quality of life in young adults with COVID-19; 12 October 2020, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square
[32]. Ahmed H, Patel K, Greenwood DC, Halpin S, Lewthwaite P, Salawu A, Eyre L, Breen A, O’Connor R, Jones A, Sivan M. Long-term clinical outcomes in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreaks after hospitalisation or ICU admission: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Rehabil Med. 2020 May 31;52(5): jrm00063.
[33]. Hui DS, Joynt GM, Wong KT, et alImpact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) on pulmonary function, functional capacity and quality of life in a cohort of survivorsThorax 2005;60:401-409.
[34]. Batawi, S., Tarazan, N., Al-Raddadi, R. et al. Quality of life reported by survivors after hospitalization for Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019;17:101.
[35]. Malen Hollmann, Olatz Garin, Mariana Galante, Montserrat Ferrer, Angela Dominguez, Jordi Alonso. Impact of Influenza on Health-Related Quality of Life among Confirmed (H1N1)2009 Patients. 2020;
[36]. Jeffrey A. Linder MD, MPH, Daniel E. Singer MD. Health‐related Quality of Life of Adults with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2003; 18(10).
[37]. https://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/whoQoL-qualityoflife/en/
[38]. https://www.cdc.gov/hrQoL/concept.htm
[39]. Deshpande PR, Rajan S, Sudeepthi B L, Abdul Nazir C P. Patient-reported outcomes: A new era in clinical research. Perspect Clin Res 2011;2:137-44 https://www.cdc.gov/hrQoL/wellbeing.htm
[40]. SF-12 health survey; https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291994160_How_to_score_SF-12_items
[41]. Mohammed F. Islam, Joseph Cotler & Leonard A. Jason (2020) Post-viral fatigue and COVID-19: lessons from past epidemics, Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior, 2020;8(2):61-69.
[42]. Betty Pfefferbaum, M.D., J.D., and Carol S. North, M.D., M.P.E.. Mental Health and the Covid-19 Pandemic. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:510-512.

Share this Research

Facebook

Twitter

Linkedin

email

Print

Pinterest