IJAR.2022.189

Type of Article:  Original Research

Volume 10; Issue 3 (September 2022)

Page No.: 8445-8451

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2022.189

Anatomical Observation of Different Shapes of Foramen Magnum and Its Clinical Implications: A Study in Dry Adult Human Skulls of Indian Population

R. Kumar 1, M. Javia *2, D. Agrawal 3, P. Manik 4.

1 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Shantabaa Medical College & General Hospital, Amreli, Gujarat, India.

*2 Professor, Department of Anatomy, Shantabaa Medical College & General Hospital, Amreli, Gujarat, India.

3 Additional Professor, Department of Anatomy, AllMS Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.

4 Senior Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Corresponding Author: Dr. MayankkumarJavia, Professor, Department of Anatomy, Shantabaa Medical College & General Hospital, Amreli, Gujarat 365601, India. Mo: 9428242445 E-Mail: drjavimd@gmail.com

ORCiD:

  1. Kumar: 0000-0002-5346-009X
  2. Javia: 0000-0003-1672-9536
  3. Agrawal: 0000-0002-9042-0783
  4. Manik: 0000-0001-9942-250X

ABSTRACT

Background: Understanding of thoroughly explained anatomical basis is must for various surgical approaches at the craniovertebral junction. High mortality and morbidity are anticipated during the surgical procedures when undertaken without in depth anatomical knowledge. With so much clinical importance in this area, our study will present a thorough understanding in terms of skull.

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the various shapes of foramen magnum in dry adult human skulls of Indian population and to find out their clinical correlation.

Materials and methods: 347 dried adult human skull base obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan and other medical colleges were used in the present study. All the dry adult human skulls were observed from outer side at their base by naked eyes to determine the shape of foramen magnum. It was classified into one of the following shapes: – Oval, round, tetragonal, egg shaped, hexagonal, pentagonal and irregular.

Results: The shape of the foramen magnum in dry skulls were oval in 44.95%, round in 30.84%, hexagonal in 9.23%, irregular in 6.63%, pentagonal in 5.19%, tetragonal in 1.73 %, and egg shaped in 1.44%.

Conclusion: Inferences of the present study in the form of variations in the shapes of foramen magnum will be useful to the neurosurgeons, radiologists, orthopedics, anthropologists, forensic experts as well as anatomists. Further these data can be used as an anatomical reference for the researchers.

KEY WORDS: Human Skull, Shape, Foramen Magnum.

REFERENCES

[1]. White TD, Black MT, Folkens PA. Human osteology. Academic press; 2011 Jan 21.
[2]. Keskil S, Gözil R, Çalgüner E. Common surgical pitfalls in the skull. Surgical neurology. 2003 Mar 1;59(3):228-31.
[3]. Furtado SV, Thakre DJ, Venkatesh PK et al. Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum dimensions and intracranial volume in pediatric Chiari I malformation. Acta neurochirurgica. 2010 Feb;152(2):221-7.
[4]. Govsa F, Ozer MA, Celik S et al. Three-dimensional anatomic landmarks of the foramen magnum for the craniovertebral junction. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2011 May 1;22(3):1073-6.
[5]. Chethan P, Prakash KG, Murlimanju BV et al. Morphological analysis and morphometry of the foramen magnum: an anatomical investigation. Turkish neurosurgery. 2012 Jan 1;22(4).
[6]. Ficke J, Varacallo M. Anatomy, head and neck, foramen magnum. InStatPearls [Internet] 2021 Jul 31. StatPearls Publishing.
[7]. Devadas P, Rao MJ, Yesender M et al. Study on the morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum as an indicator for sex determination. Int J Anat Res. 2017;5(3.1):4163-67.
[8]. Saini K. A morphometric study of foramen magnum in dry adult human skull. International Journal of Current Research and Review. 2015 Feb 15;7(4):14.
[9]. Remya K, Rathnakar P. Swathi. Evaluation of foramen magnum in dry human skulls of dakshinakannada district. Int J Anat Res. 2017;5(4):4488-91.
[10]. Krishna K, Nag AR, Prasad R. Morphometric study of foramen magnum and variation in its shape. IOSR J. Dent. Med. Sci. 2016;15(8):120-3.
[11]. Bhaskar R, Anjana S, Satheesha KS et al. Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum in Adult Dry Skulls in Dakshina Kannada. Int J Heal Sci Pharm. 2017 Jun 30;1(1):46-52.
[12]. Sampada PK, Poornima B, Mallikarjun M et al. Morphometric and morphological study of foramen magnum in dried human skull bones. Int J Anat Res. 2017;5(2.1):3682-86.
[13]. Riyaz ZH, Siddiqui AA. Morphometric study of foramen magnum in human skulls. International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology. October to December 2015; 5(4): 28-31
[14]. Singh KC, Rai G, Rai R. Morphological Variations of the Foramen Magnum in Adult Human Dry Skull in Eastern UP (India) Population. Int J Med Res Prof. 2017;3(2):205-8.
[15]. Veeramani R, Manjunath KY, Amirthalingam U. Morphological and morphometric study of variations in the shape and size of the foramen magnum of human skulls. International Journal of Anatomy Radiology and Surgery. 2018;7(2):1-8.
[16]. Kumar A, Dave M, Anwar S. Morphometric evaluation of foramen magnum in dry human skulls. Int J Anat Res. 2015;3(2):1015-23.
[17]. Pires LA, Teixeira ÁR, Leite TF et al. Morphometric aspects of the foramen magnum and the orbit in Brazilian dry skulls. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences. 2016;5(4):34-42.
[18]. Natsis K, Piagkou M, Skotsimara G et al. A morphometric anatomical and comparative study of the foramen magnum region in a Greek population. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. 2013 Dec;35(10):925-34.
[19]. Aragão JA, de Oliveira Pereira R, de Moraes RZ et al. Morphological types of foramen magnum. Annual Research & Review in Biology. 2014 Jan 10:1372-8.
[20]. Ilhan P, Kayhan B, Ertuk M et al. Morphologic analysis of occipital condyles and foramen magnum as a guide for lateral surgical approaches. MOJ Anat Physiol. 2017;3:188-94.
[21]. Revankar S, Naik SC, Chabbra PK, Tandon R, Sharma MD. Morphometric Analysis of Foramen Magnum Region in Adult Indian Population. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine.;7(10):2020.
[22]. Sharma DK, Mehra S. Foramen Magnum: A Morphological and Morphometric Study in Dried Human Skull Bones of Rajasthan Population and its Surgical Importance. Journal of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology. 2018 May;3(2):41-9.
[23]. Sharma A, Ramandeep K, Sharma Kumar M. Foramen Magnum: morphometry, possible variation in the shape and its clinical implication. Int J Scientific Study. 2019;6(10):13-6.
[24]. Chandekar KS, Jiwane NN. Morphometric study of foramen magnum of human skull in Vidarbha region. International Journal of Research and Review. 2017; 4(5):157-160
[25]. Muthukumar N, Swaminathan R, Venkatesh G et al. A morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum region as it relates to the transcondylar approach. Acta neurochirurgica. 2005 Aug;147(8):889-95.
[26]. Ajay R, Kalindi S, Bhavika P et al. Morphometry and sexual dimorphism of human skull foramen magnum. Int J Rec trend sci tech. 2015;15(2):379-86.
[27]. Radhika PM, Shailaja S, Prathap KJ et al. Morphometric study of the foramen magnum in adult human skulls in Indian population. Asian Journal of Medical and Clinical Science. 2014;3(2):62-72.
[28]. Ganapathy A, Sadeesh T, Rao S. Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum in adult human skulls and CT images. International Journal of Current Research and Review. 2014 Oct 15;6(20):11.
[29]. Gopalkrishana K, Rathna BS. The craniometric study of foramen magnum of Indian population and variations in its dimensions. Int. J. of Allied Med. Sci. and Clin. Research. 2015:205-11.
[30]. Sharma S, Sharma AK, Modi BS et al. Morphometric evaluation of the foramen magnum and variation in its shape and size: a study on human dried skull. Int J Anat Res. 2015;3(3):1399-03.
[31]. Fathima F, Babu KY. Evaluating the shape of foramen magnum and overlapping of occipital condyle on the foramen. Int J Sci Res. 2016;5(9).
[32]. Radhakrishna SK, Shivarama CH, Ramakrishna A et al. Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum for sex determination in South Indian population. Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU. 2012 Mar;2(01):20-2.

Cite this article: R. Kumar, M. Javia, D. Agrawal, P. Manik. Anatomical Observation of Different Shapes of Foramen Magnum and Its Clinical Implications: A Study in Dry Adult Human Skulls of Indian Population. Int J Anat Res 2022;10(3):8445-8451. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2022.189