IJAR.2022.174
Type of Article: Original Research
Volume 10; Issue 3 (September 2022)
Page No.: 8419-8424
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2022.174
Morphometric Evaluation of Mental Foramen of Dry Adult Human Mandibles of South Indian Population and Their Clinical Correlation
Ravi Bhaskar 1, Naveen Kumar *2, Anjana S 1, Varalakshmi Chandrasekharan 3, Ashwini Aithal P 4.
1 Department of Anatomy, Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka India.
*2 Department of Anatomy, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE.
3 Department of Community Medicine, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal. Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Manipal, Karnataka, India.
4 Division of Anatomy, Department of basic medical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
Corresponding author: Dr. Naveen Kumar, Department of Anatomy, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, PO Box. 11172, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. E-Mail: naveentonse@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Morphometric assessment of mental foramina (MF) of the mandible for its variable position is considered to be helpful for the surgeons and dentists for the localized surgical procedures and for the anesthetists to execute nerve block practices. Hence the objective of the present study is to establish the morphometric variability in the position of MF in terms of gender in the mandibles of Southern Indian origin with possible clinical implications.
Methods: The shape, size, and location of MF were measured on both sides of the mandible (n=92). Location of MF was established by measuring the distance from MF to the [1] mental symphysis [2] alveolar crest, [3] the base of the mandible, and [4] posterior border of the ramus of the mandible. All the morphometric data were analyzed statistically with a significance level of p<0.05.
Results: The higher incidence (58.7%) of rounded MF was recorded. There were no cases of MF anterior to the first pre-molar and below the 1st molar. Most of them (45.7%) were below the 2nd premolar. There was a significant association between gender and the position of the MF (p=0.011). But, no association between gender and side as well as the shape was noted. Significant associations were found between gender and the distance from mental foramen to the posterior border of the ramus and also to the alveolar crest. A significant association between the gender and the positions of the MF was noted.
Conclusion: The variations observed from previous studies might be related to the feeding habits of different regions which may ultimately, affect the development of mandibles. Prior knowledge regarding the common positions of MF in local populations is helpful in effective nerve blocks and maxillofacial surgeries.
Key words: Mental foramen, mental nerve block, distal implant, mandible.
REFERENCES
[1]. Sawyer DR, Kiely ML, Pyle MA. The frequency of accessory mental foramina in four ethnic groups. Arch Oral Biol. 1998;43(5):417-20.
[2]. Samreen Siraj Bala, Shaheen Shahdad, Shahnawaz Bashir. Morphology and morphometry of mental foramen in dry human mandibles. Int J Res Med Sci. 2017;5(4):1461-1463.
[3]. Fabian. FM. Position, shape and direction of opening of the mental foramen in dry mandibles of Tanzanian adult black males. Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology. 2007;112(3):169–177.
[4]. M. Gonz´alez-Mart´ın, D. Torres-Lagares, J. L. Guti´errez-P´erez, and J. J. Segura-Egea. Inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia after overfilling of endodontic sealer into the mandibular canal. Journal of Endodontics. 2010;36(8):1419–1421.
[5]. Greenstein G, Tarnow. D. The mental foramen and nerve: clinical and anatomical factors related to dental implant placement: a literature review. Journal of Periodontology. 2006;77(12):1933–1943.
[6]. Santini A. Alayan I. A comparative anthropometric study of the position of the mental foramen in three populations. British Dental Journal 2012; 212: E7.
[7]. Ukoha U.U, Kosisochukwu E.U, Ofoego U.C, Ejimofor O.C, Nzeako H.C and Edokwe C.G; Position, shape and direction of the mental foramen in mandibles in South-Eastern Nigeria. IJBR. 2013;4(9): 499.
[8]. Singh R, Srivastav A.K. Evaluation of position, shape, size and incidence of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in Indian adult human skulls; International journal of experimental and clinical anatomy. 2011;5:23-29.
[9]. Rastogi R, Budhiraja V, Sathpathi D.K., Singh S, Gour K.K., Nair S. Morphology and morphometry of the mental foramen in dry adult human mandibles from central India and their clinical correlation; Eur J Anat. 2012;16 (1): 22-26.
[10]. Rai R, Shrestha S, Jha S. Mental foramen: a morphological and morphometrical study. International J. of Healthcare and Biomedical Research. 2014;2(4):144-150.
[11]. Green RM. The position of the mental foramen: a comparison between the southern (Hong Kong) Chinese and other ethnic and racial groups. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology. 1987;63(3):287–290.
[12]. Igbigbi PS, Lebona S. The position and dimensions of the mental foramen in adult Malawian mandibles. West African Journal of Medicine. 2005;24(3):184–189.
[13]. Mbajiorgu EF, Mawera G, Asala SA, Zivanovic S. Position of the mental foramen in adult Black Zimbabwean mandibles: a clinical anatomical study. Central African Journal of Medicine. 1998;44(2):24–30.
[14]. Santini A, Land M. A comparison of the position of the mental foramen in Chinese and British mandibles. Acta Anatomica. 1990;137(3):208–212.
[15]. Mwaniki DL, Hassanali J. The position of mandibular and mental foramina in Kenyan African mandibles. East African Medical Journal. 1992;69(4):210–213.
[16]. Ngeow WC, Yuzawati Y. The location of the mental foramen in a selected Malay population. Journal of Oral Science. 2003;45(3):171–175.
[17]. Virendra B, Rakhi R, Rekha L, Prabhat G, Subhash CB. Study of Position, Shape, and Size of Mental Foramen Utilizing Various Parameters in Dry Adult Human Mandibles from North India. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2013;2013:1-5.
[18]. Yeşilyurt H, Aydinlioglu A, Kavakli A, Ekinci N, Eroglu C, Hacialiogullari M, Diyarbakirli S. Local differences in the position of the mental foramen. Folia Morphologica. 2008;67(1):32–35.
[19]. Ewa Zmyslowska-Polakowska, Mateusz Radwanski, Slawomir Ledzion, Michal Leski, Agnieszka Zmyslowska, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Evaluation of Size and Location of a Mental Foramen in the Polish Population Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. BioMed Research International. 2019;2019: 1-8.
