IJAR.2021.164
Type of Article: Original Research
Volume 9; Issue 4 (December 2021)
Page No.: 8109-8115
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.164
Mental foramen of Human Mandible: Morphometric Study
Ndiaye M R *1, Mar N B 2, Yacouba Garba K 3, Ndoye J M N 4.
*1 Senegalese Armed Forces Health Service, Avenue des Jaambars Camp Dial DIOP BP 4042 Dakar, SENEGAL.
2 Anatomy Laboratory Iba Der THIAM University of THIES, Cité Malick SY, N2 BP: A967 Thiès, SENEGAL.
3 Anatomy Laboratory Assane SECK University of ZIGUINCHOR, Diabir, BP 523 Ziguinchor, SENEGAL.
4 Anatomy and Organogenesis Laboratory Cheikh Anta DIOP University of Dakar, Faculté de Médecine UCAD, Fann BP 5005 Dakar, SENEGAL.
Corresponding author: NDIAYE Mame Rouba, Senegalese Armed Forces Health Service, Avenue des Jaambars Camp Dial DIOP BP 4042 Dakar, SENEGAL. E-Mail: ndiayemamerouba@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of our study was to perform a morphometric analysis of the mental foramen in senegalese context.
Material and method: The study was performed on thirty-nine dry mandibles of adult humans. On these mandibles, the number of mental foramen present and their shape were noted on inspection. The situation of the foramen in relation to the lower teeth was studied according to a methodology already described. The following measurements were made: the distance between the foramen and the other landmarks of the mandible (symphysis, basilar border, posterior border), vertical and horizontal diameters.
Results: The number of mental foramina were 39 on the right and 40 on the left: one mandible presented a double foramen on the left. The oval shape was predominant. The most frequent situation was below the second premolar on both sides. The mean distance between the foramen and the mandibular symphysis was 25mm on both sides. The distance between the foramen and the basilar border of the mandible was on average 13mm on the right and 14mm on the left. The distance between the foramen and the posterior border of the mandible was on average 72mm on the right and 73mm on the left. The average vertical diameter was 33mm on the right and 32mm on the left, and the average horizontal diameter was 4mm on both sides.
Conclusion: Mental foramen is a constant anatomical structure, found on all the mandibles studied. The results can be superimposed on those described in the majority of studies carried out on the mental foramen.
Key words: Mental Foramen, Mandible Anatomy, Morphometry.
REFERENCES
[1]. Rouvière H, Delmas A. Anatomie humaine descriptive, Tome I: tête et cou. 15 éd. Paris : Masson; 2002:654.
[2]. VON ARX T. Le foramen mentonnier, “le carrefour de la mandibule” une observation anatomo-clinique. Rev Mens Suisse odontostomatol. 2013;123(3):2016-2025.
[3]. Marzola C. Anesthesiologia. 1ed. Sao Paulo:Pancast Editorial ; 1989:1231.
[4]. Morrant G M. A biometric study of the human mandible. Biometrika. 1936;28:84-122.
[5]. Green R.M. The position of the mental foramen: a comparison between the southern (Hong Kong) Chinese and other ethnic groups. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path. 1987;63:287-90.
[6]. Santini A., Land M. A comparison of the position of the mental foramen in Chinese and British mandibles. Acta Anat. 1990;37:208-12.
[7]. Agarwal D R, Gupta S B. Morphometric analysis of mental foramen in human mandibles of South Gujarat peoples. J Sci Res.2011(4):15-18.
[8]. Gutman A D, Laufer D. Anesthesia following endodontic overfilling with AH26. Oral Surg. 1981;52:554-6.
[9]. Zivanovic S. Some morphological characters of the East African mandibles. Acta Anat. 1970;77:109-19.
[10]. Gaudy FF, Cannas B, Gillo L, Gorce T. Atlas d’Anatomie implantaire. Elsevier Masson ;2011.
[11]. Bouhoute M, Mezzour M, Bouziane A, El Harti K. Fréquence des variations anatomiques du foramen mentonnier évaluée par Cone Beam : revue systématique. Odontostomatol Trop. 2020:43:49-66.
[12]. Frieman N, Levine H L. Mucogingival surgery: current status. J Periodont. 1964;355-21.
[13]. Wang T.M., Shih C., Liu J.C., Kuo K.J. A clinical and anatomical study of the location of the mental foramen in adult Chinese mandibles. Acta Anat .1986;126:29-33.
[14]. Aktekein M, Celik H M, Celik H H, Aldur M M, Aksit M D. Studies on the location of the mental foramen in Turkish mandibles. Morphologie.2003;87:17-9.
[15]. Kalender A, Orhan K, Aksoy V. Evaluation of the mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in Turkish patients using Cone Beam Computed Tomography images reconstructed from a volumetric rendering program. Clin Anat N Y N. 2012;25(5):584-592.
[16]. Borghesi A, Pezzoti S, Nocivelli G, Maroldi R. Five mental foramina in the same mandible: CBCT findings of an unusual anatomical variant. Surg Radiol Anat. 2018;40(6):635-40.
[17]. Udhaya K, Saraladevi K V, Sridar J. The morphometric analysis of the mental foramen in adult dry mandibles: a study on the South Indian population. J Clin Diagn Research. 2013;7:1547-51.
[18]. De Freitas V, Madeira M C, Toledo Filho J L, Chagas C F. Absence of the foramen mental in dry human mandibles. Acta Anat. 1979; 1100:353-55.
[19]. Hassan T, Fauzi M, Hasan D. Bilateral absence of mental foramen: a rare variation. Int J Anat Var.2010(3):187-189.
[20]. Mbajiorgu E F, Mawera G, Asala S A, Zivanovi S. Position of the mental foramen in adult Black Black Zimbabwean mandibles: a clinical and anatomical study. Central Afr J Med. 1998;44:24-30.
[21]. Gerhenson A, Nathan H, Luchansky E. Mental foramen and mental nerve: changes with age. Acta Anat .1986;126:21-28.
[22]. Singh R, Srivastava A K. Study of position, shape, size and incidence of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in Indian adult human skulls. Int J Morphol. 2010;28:1141- 6.
[23]. Kuznetsova L V, Smirnov V G. Individual variability of the form and position of the mandibular and mental foramina. Stomatologiia (Mosk). 1969;48:54-7.
[24]. Akabori K. Foramen mentale. Anatomy, section 1. Crania niponnica recentia, section J. Jpn J Med SciBiol.1934;4:296-303.
[25]. Igbigbi P S, LEBONA S. The position and dimensions of the mental foramen in adult Malawian mandibles. West Afri J Med. 2005;24:184-9.
