IJAR.2021.115
Type of Article: Original Research
Volume 9; Issue 2.1 (April 2021)
Page No.: 7948-7954
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.115
Comparative Histological study of Normal human placentae with Hypertensive placentae in Western part of Tamilnadu state (Kongunadu region)
Vijaianand M *1, Geeta Anasuya D 2, Sheela Grace Jeevamani 3, Sutha S 4.
*1 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
3 Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
Corresponding Author: Dr. Vijaianand M, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, KMCH Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. E-Mail: dr.vijaitarun7474@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Background: Placenta forms an intimate bonding between the mother and the foetus. Apart from gaseous exchange, transport of nutrients from the mother to the foetus, any disease or disorder affecting the mother also reflects the foetus. Hypertension during antenatal period produces maternal vasospasm and vascular damage due to luminal constriction of uterine spiral arterioles causing histological changes in the placenta and ultimately leads to foetal hypoxia and death.
Aim of the study: To compare the histological features between the normal and hypertensive placenta.
Materials and Methods: 30 normal and 30 hypertensive placentae were collected, processed in the Department of Anatomy, Karpagam Faculty of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, and visualized under a light microscope and their histological features are noted.
Results: Various histological features obtained are Syncytial knots, Fibrinoid necrosis, Calcification of Placenta, Placental infarction, Stromal fibrosis, Hypovascularity of Villous, Intervillous fibrin deposition, and Basement membrane thickening.
Conclusion: In our study, the histological features are more prominent and their areas in the microscopic field is noted more in hypertensive placentae than normal placentae. Histological features are mainly due to maternal vasospasm and vascular endothelial injury. The statistical analysis calculated for the histological features was found to be significant.
Key words: Placenta, Hypertension, Histology, Syncytial knots, Calcification.
REFERENCES
[1]. Aparna Narasimha, DS Vasudeva. Spectrum of changes in placenta in toxemia of pregnancy 2011;54(1):15-20.
[2]. Van Dijk M, Mulders J, Poutsma A. Maternal segregation of the Dutch preeclampsia locus at 10q22 with a new member of the winged helix gene family.Nat Genet 2005;37:514-519.
[3]. Ohnson MP, Fitzpatrick E, Dyer TD. Identification of two novel quantitative trait loci for pre-eclampsia susceptibility on chromosomes 5q and 13q using a variance components-based linkage approach. Mol Hum Reprod 2007;13:61-67.
[4]. Arshad A, Pasha W, Khattak TA, Kiyani RB. Impact of pregnancy induced hypertension on birth weight of newborn at term.2011;15(2):113-5.
[5]. Robertson WB, Brosens I, Dixon HG. The pathological response of the vessels of the placental bed to hypertensive pregnancy. J Pathol Bacteriol.1967 Apr;93(2):581-92.
[6]. Browne JM, Veall N. The maternal placental blood flow in normotensive and hypertensive women. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gynaecol.1953 Apr;60(2):141-7.
[7]. Stock MK, Anderson DF, Phernetton TM, McLaughlin MK, Rankin JH. Vascular response of the maternal placental vasculature. J Dev Physiol 1980;2:239-246.
[8]. Thomson AM, Billewickz, Hytten FE. Placenta in relation to birth weight. J Obstet Gynaecol Br CW 1969;76: 865-872.
[9]. Carolyn M Salfia,Edwina J Popek.Placenta in Anderson’s Pathology Vol.II.10th Ed. Ivan Domjanov, Mosby, Missourie. 1996;2310-2353.
[10]. Allen VM, Joseph KS, Murphy KE, Magee LA, Ohlsson A. The effect of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy on small for gestational age and stillbirth: a population based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth.2004 Dec;4(1):17.
[11]. Keche HA, Keche AS. Morphometric differentiation between placenta in PIH and normal pregnancy. Int J Med Sci Public Health.2015 Feb 1;4:250-5.
[12]. Genset D.R. (1992): Estimating the time of death of still born fetuses. A study of 71 still born, Brit. J. obst.gynae., 1992;80;585-592.
[13]. Tenney B, Parker F. The placenta in toxemia of pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynaecol 1940;39:1000-5.
[14]. Siva Sree Ranga MK, Adaline Thangam TF, Mallika MC, Indira MV. Morphological and histological variations of human placenta in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Int J Anat Res. 2017;5(1):3591-98.
[15]. Kantilal M, Parmar, Gopal V. Shah, Ravi R. Alamchandani. Histological evaluation of placenta in hypertensive pregnancies. Int J Res Med Sci 2019;7:40-5.
[16]. Pratishtha Potdar, Deepak Naik, P G Khanwalkar, B K Sharma.A comparative histological study of human placentae obtained from mothers with PIH and mothers with normal blood pressure. International Journal of Recent Trends in Science and Technology. February 2016;18(1):185-188.
[17]. Prathiba A, Einstien D, Subramanian V, Mahendranath P, Murugesan S. Comparative Study of Placental Morphometry and Histomorphology in Normal and Pre-eclamptic Pregnancies. Int J Sci Stud 2016;4(9):96-99.
[18]. McKay DG, Hertig AT, Adams EC, Richardson MV. Histochemical observations on the human placenta. Obstetr Gynaecol. 1958 Jul 1;12(1):1-36.
[19]. Wigglesworth JS. Morphological variations in the insufficient placenta. BJOG.1964 Dec 1;71(6):871-84.
[20]. Narasimha A, Vasudeva DS. Spetrum of changes in placenta in toxemia of pregnancy. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microobiology. 2011 Jan 1;54(1):15-20.
[21]. Fox H. General pathology of the placenta. In: Fox H, editor. Haines and Taylor Obstetrical and Gynaecological Pathology. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone: 1995:1480-2.
[22]. Kher AV, Zawar MP. Study of placental pathology in toxemia of pregnancy and its fetal implications. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 1981;24:245-51.
[23]. Rohini Motwani, Yogesh Sontakke, Meena Goyal. Effects of pregnancy induced hypertension on human placenta. J Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 2013;2(33):6275-6282.
[24]. Susheela Rana, Yogesh Diwan, Randhir S Chauhan, Deepa Diwan, Ankur Gupta. Comparative Stusy of Histology of Placenta in Normotensive and Hypertensive Cases. Journal of Medical Science and Research. 2017;05(03):18635-18640.
