IJAR.2020.171
Type of Article: Original Research
Volume 8; Issue 3.1 (July 2020)
Page No.: 7599-7603
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2020.171
RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF FETAL CONGENITAL ANOMALY IN WAYANAD TERTIARY CARE CENTRE
P Durai Dhanasekar, Sushanth N K *, Lakshmi kantha B M.
Department of Anatomy, DM-WIMS Medical College, Naseera Nagar, Meppadi, Wayanad, Kerala, India.
Corresponding Author: Sushanth N K, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, DM-WIMS Medical College, Naseera Nagar, Meppadi, Wayanad, Kerala, India-673577 E-Mail: sushanthanatomy.ss@outlook.com
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Congenital anomaly is due to structural and functional abnormalities that occur during intrauterine life. The prevalence of this condition varies among different countries. High prevalence of this condition is one of the major causes for mortality and morbidity in countries with high prevalence of congenital anomalies. Objectives- 1. To study the prevalence of congenital anomalies in tertiary care centre situated in Wayanad district. 2. To study types of congenital anomalies in the tertiary care centre in Wayanad district.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, DMWIMS, Wayanad, Kerala for a period of 3 years from 2016-2018. Total 90 formalin-fixed dead fetuses were obtained from OBG after consent from parents and were studied by dissection method for noting the features of congenital anomalies.
Statistical analysis: The prevalence of Congenital anomalies was calculated with the following equation. Prevalence of Congenital anomalies = Number of cases with congenital anomalies / Number of births recorded for 3 years × 100. The type of congenital anomalies was identified and classified based on the organ system and its prevalence was estimated in percentages.
Observation and Results: The percentage of prevalence of congenital anomalies was 1.33 in 3 years period spanning from 2016 to 2018. The type of anomalies identified were limb anomalies that accounted for 59.10%, anomalies of the central nervous system (CNS) amounting to 3%, anomalies of the cardiovascular system (CVS) accounted for 7.58%, facial abnormalities in 40.10% fetuses and abdominal anomalies in 3% fetuses. The congenital anomalies identified in these fetuses were more in males than females. However congenital talipes equinovarus was a common condition seen in both sexes.
Conclusion: Wayanad district is home for a large population over 8 lacs out of which over 1.5 lac belong to 11 different types of tribes. A considerable number of congenital anomaly cases are from the tribal population. The type of congenital anomalies and their prevalence observed in this study differed from the studies performed in other regions by other authors. There is a need for prospective study to be conducted to identify the predisposing factors for the congenital anomalies.
KEY WORDS: Congenital Anomaly, Intrauterine Life, Mortality and Morbidity, Wayanad District.
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