IJAR.2025.147
Type of Article: Original Research
Volume 13; Issue 2 (June 2025)
Page No.: 9238-9244
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2025.147
Cephalometric Assessment of the Maxillary Air Sinus for Gender Determination Using Cone-Beam Computer Tomography Study
Nuraddeen Ibrahim Jaafar *1, Prashanth Kumar Katta 2, Lawan Hassan Adamu 3, Sanusi Muhammad Bello 4, Tarig Abdelrahman Hussein 5, Ibrahim Muhammad Dauda 6.
*1 Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia. ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6749-1922
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia. ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4623-9389
3 Associate Professor, Department of Human Anatomy, Faderal University, Dutse, Jigawa, Nigeria. ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4787-8294
4 Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia. ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9515-3733
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia. ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5562-6850
6 Assistant Lecturer, Department of Human Anatomy, AlIstiqama University, Sumaila, Kano, Nigeria. ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9864-0966
Corresponding Author: Dr Nuraddeen Ibrahim Jaafar, Assistant professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia, E-Mail: njaafar@kfu.edu.sa
ABSTRACT
Background: Maxillary sinus (MS) is the largest of the cranial bony sinuses and the first to develop fully. It has been suggested that cephalometric analysis of the parameters of the MS can be applied for gender determination among different population. Must of the studies have observed that the MS dimensions vary significantly in their relevance for gender determination. Aim: To investigate the dimensions of the MS among ethnic Saudis, and tests which of the MS parameters has the greatest reliability and accuracy for use in gender determination.
Methods: Four hundred and fifty-five (n = 455) Cone Beam computer tomogram (CBCT) images were included in the study. MS dimensions including height, width and depth were calculated using an iCAT software. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to test for reliability and contribution of each parameter for gender prediction.
Results: The mean MS height and MS width were found to be significantly higher in males, except for right and left MS depth. The binary logistic model obtained indicated an 80% prediction accuracy, with right maxillary height (RsH) and left maxillary sinus width (LsW) having highest individual contribution. The RsD and LsD had minimal contribution for gender estimation.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that in the Saudi population, RsH and LsW provided the best and more accurate contribution in gender determination. Both can be used used as reliable tools in gender determination, and therefore be useful for surgical and forensic analysis. This would add to the body of medical knowledge as none of such study was conducted on the ethnic population of Saudi Arabia.
Keywords: Cephalometry, CBCT, binary logistic regression, maxillary sinus, gender determination, Saudi Arabia.
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