IJAR.2019.219

Type of Article:  Original Research

Volume 7; Issue 3.1 (July 2019)

Page No.: 6762-6766

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2019.219

ANATOMICAL STUDY ON LOCATION OF GREATER PALATINE FORAMEN IN DRIED ADULT HUMAN SKULL: KEY TO SUCCESSFUL MAXILLARY NERVE BLOCK

Varalakshmi KL1, Sangeeta M *2.

1 Associate Professor, MVJ Medical College And Research Hospital, Dandupalya, Hoskote, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

*2 Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, MVJ Medical College And Research Hospital, Hoskote, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.

Corresponding author: Dr. Sangeeta M, Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, MVJ Medical College And Research Hospital, Dandupalya, Hoskote, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Ph.No.9980902559 E-Mail: drvara.hitesh@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Background: The greater palatine foramen (GPF) conducts greater palatine nerve ,responsible for the innervation of posterior part of the hard palate. Anaesthetic block for greater palatine nerve is highly recommended for surgical practices involving upper molar,maxillary sinus and nasal region.But the practical problem associated with anaesthesia is difficulty in locating the exact position of greater palatine foramen, leading to delivering insufficient anaesthetic solution.The greater palatine neurovascular structures enter the oral cavity through the greater palatine foramen   so this foramen should be approached carefully during any surgical procedures to avoid damage to these  neurovascular structure.

Materials and methods: 126 dried adult skull  bones  of unknown sex, obtained from the department of anatomy, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital were used to locate the exact position of greater palatine foramen in relation to bony landmarks. On both side, the distance of greater palatine foramen from midline maxillary suture, posterior border of hardpalate, incisive fossa and lesser palatine foramen were measured with digital vernier caliper. Location of GPF in relation to molar or premolar tooth was also noted. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by calculating mean and standard deviation. The percentage was calculated for the location of GPF in relation to molar or premolar tooth.

Result: In the present  study of anthropometric analysis of greater palatine foramen of    126 dried skulls ,it was observed that the most common location of greater palatine foramen  was  opposite to the third  molar tooth . The mean distance between greater palatine foramen    to mid maxillary suture was 13.71mm on right side and 13.72mm on left side and posterior border of hard palate  on right side was 4.62mm and 4.49mm on left side. The mean distance between greater palatine foramen and incisive fossa was 36.73mm and 36.66mm on the right and left side respectively. The mean distance between greater palatine foramen and lesser palatine foramen was  1.47mm on right side and 1.49 mm on left side.

Conclusion: Results of present study may contribute greatly to the successful outcome of maxillofacial and oral surgeries regional anaesthesia.

Key words: Greater  palatine foramen,Hard palate, Incisive fossa,Lesser palatine foramen,Mid maxillary suture.

REFERENCES

  1. Essentials of humananatomy.Head and Neck.5th edition.Kolkata:Current Books International,2009.Chapter 1:The Skull.Pg.No.54.
  2. Sushobana, Raj SM, Singh S, Passey J, Singh R, Sinha P. Anatomical Study and Clinical Considerations of Greater Palatine Foramen in Adult Human Skulls of North Indian Population.International Journal of Anatomy,Radiology and Surgery.2015,Vol4(04):41-46.
  3. Ikuta CR, Cardoso CL, Ferreira-Júnior O, Lauris JR, Souza PH, Rubira-Bullen IR. Position of the greater palatine foramen: an anatomical study through cone beam computed tomography images. SurgRadiol Anat. 2013;35(9):837-42.
  4. Michaela MB,Vladimir ST,OettleA,Hoffman J,Andre WZ.A micro CT study of the greater palatine foramen in human skulls.Journal of oral sciences.2018;60(01):51-56.
  5. Alok NS,Somnath RG.Greater palatine foramen – key to successful hemimaxillaryanaesthesia: a morphometric studyand report of a rare aberration.Singapore Medical Journal.2013;54(03):152-59.
  6. Viveka S, Mohan Kumar. Radiological localization of greater palatine foramen using multiple anatomical landmarks.MOJ Anatomy and Physiology.2016;2(07):187-89.
  7. Ortug A,Uzel M.Greater palatine foramen: assesment with palatal ındex, shape, number and gender.Folia morphologica.2018
  8. SathyaPriya B, WMS Johnson, Lakshmanan P, et al. The relative position of greater palatine foramen in dried human adult unsexed skull bones. Res J Pharm BiolChem Sci. 2015;6(5):869‒
  9. Sathiya S,UdayaK,HemaPriya S.Morphological study of greater palatine foramen in adult human skull bones.National Journal of Basic Medical Sciences.2017;7(03):139-44.
  10. Vinay KV. Morphometric analysis of greater palatine foramen in South Indian adult skulls.International Journal Of Basic and applied medical Sciences.2012;2(03):2277-2103.
  11. Souza ASD, Mamatha H, Nayak J. Morphometric analysis of hard palate in southIndian skulls. Biomedical Research. 2012; 23(2): 173-175.
  12. Sharma N, Varshney R, Ray S. Anatomic and anaesthetic considerations of greater palatine nerve block in Indian population. Saudi Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences.2014; 2(3): 197-201.
  13. Jaffar AA, Hamadah HJ. An analysis of the position of the greater palatine foramen. J Basic Med Sci. 2003;3(1):24‒
  14. Saralaya V, Nayak SR. The relative position of the greater palatine foramen in dry Indian skulls. Singapore Med 2007;48(12):1143‒1146.
  15. Methathrathip,ApinhasmitW,Chompoopong S et al. Anatomy of greater palatine foramen and canal and pterygopalatine fossa in Thais: Consideration for maxillary nerve block. SurgRadiol Anat.2005;27:511-16.
  16. Murali P, Sundarapandian S, Madhan Kumar SJ. Relative anatomical position of greater palatine foramen with reference to intraoral landmarks in south Indian population. Int J Anat Res. 2016;4(1):1912‒1915
  17. Ajay Kumar, Anu Sharma, Poonam Singh. Assessment of the relative location of greater palatine foramen in adult Indian skulls: Consideration for maxillary nerve block. Eur J Anat. 2011;15(3):150‒154.

Cite this article: Varalakshmi KL, Sangeeta M. ANATOMICAL STUDY ON LOCATION OF GREATER PALATINE FORAMEN IN DRIED ADULT HUMAN SKULL: KEY TO SUCCESSFUL MAXILLARY NERVE BLOCK. Int J Anat Res 2019;7(3.1):6762-6766. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2019.219