https://www.ijmhr.org/ijar.htm editor_anatomy@ijmhr.org
ISSN:       2321-4281 (E) 2321-8967 (P)

IJAR.2017.330

DOWNLOAD PDF
Table of Contents

Type of Article:  Original Research

Volume 5; Issue 3.3 (September 2017)

Page No.: 4343-4348

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2017.330

AN INSIGHT TO THE ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY OF MENTAL FORAMEN OF JAW BONE WITH RESPECT TO ITS SURGICAL IMPORTANCE

Lekshmy Vijay. V.G 1, Ramakrishna Avadhani 2, Qudusia Sultana *3.

1 Post Graduate, Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.

2 Professor and HOD, Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India.

*3 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. 

Address For Correspondence:  Dr. Qudusia Sultana, Assistant Professor, Department Of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangaluru, Karnataka, India. E-Mail: nakulalekshmy@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Background: Mental foramen is one of the two foraminas situated on the anterolateral aspect of the body of mandible below the interval between the premolar teeth. They are slightly lower in edentulous individuals, which gives path for mental nerves and vessels.  Morphological and morphometric parameters of mental foramen in relation to surrounding landmarks is clinically important, for providing a suitable data for dental surgeons and anaesthetics for an effective mental nerve block anaesthesia and for avoiding post-surgical complications due to nerve damage. This also helps for age estimation in fossil study. The following parameters were assessed to determine the distance of mental foramen from them; a) Alveolar crest, b) Lower  border of mandible, c) Symphysis  menti, d) Posterior  border  of  ramus, e) Angle  to  foramen. Shape of foramen and level of teeth where the foramen is situated were also assessed.

Materials and Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Yenepoya Medical College. A total of 102 dry human mandibles for location of mental foramens from various landmarks were studied using digital vernier caliper.

Results and Discussion: The mean and standard deviation values are as follows. The distance of mental foramen from its alveolar crest is 10.18±3.18, lower border is 12.62±1.67, symphysis  menti is 26.12±5.35, posterior border of ramus is 61.11±6.34, angle of mandible is 40.79±4.56, from alveolar crest to lower border of mandible is 22.8±3.78.  Foramen was observed to be round in shape in 70% of cases and majority were seen at 2nd premolar level.

Conclusion: These variations are of diagnostic importance for dental surgeons during nerve block, periodontal surgeries and to avoid injuries to neurovascular bundle. Awareness of possibility of the anatomical variations while planning surgery to avoid nerve  damage .

KEY WORDS: Mental foramen, Human mandible, Shape, Position, Location.

REFERENCES

  1. Black S. Head and neck- External skulls. In Gray’s anatomy-The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 41st Edited by Standring S. Edinburgh: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008:409-15.
  2. Gupta S, Soni JS. Study of anatomical variations and incidence of mental foramen and accessory mental foramen in dry human mandibles. Natl J Med Res 2012;2(1):28-30.
  3. Agthong S, Huanmanop T, Chentanez V. Anatomical variations of the supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina related to gender and side. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005;63(6):800-4.
  4. Phillips JL, Weller RN, Kulild JC. The mental foramen: Part III. Size and position on panoramic radiographs. J Endod 1992;18(8):383-6.
  5. Agarwal DR, Gupta SB. Morphometeric Analysis of Mental Foramen in Human Mandibles of South Gujarat. People’s J Sci Res 2011;4(1):15-8.
  6. Santini A, Land M. A comparison of the position of the mental foramen in Chinese and British mandibles. Cells Tissues Organs 1990;137(3):208-12.
  7. Živanović S. Some morphological characters of the East African mandible. Cells Tissues Organs 1970;77(1):109-19.
  8. Sawyer DR, Kiely ML, Pyle MA. The frequency of accessory mental foramina in four ethnic groups. ‎Arch Oral Bio 1998;43(5):417-20.
  9. De Freitas V, Madeira MC, Toledo Filho JL, Chagas CF. Absence of the mental foramen in dry human mandibles. Cells Tissues Organs 1979; 104(3):353-5.
  10. Hasan T, Fauzi M, Hasan D. Bilateral absence of mental foramen—a rare variation. Int J Anat Variat 2010;3:167-9.
  11. Sonick M, Abrahams J, Faiella RA. A comparison of the accuracy of periapical, panoramic, and computerized tomographic radiographs in locating the mandibular canal. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1994;9(4):455-60.
  12. Luebke RG, Glick DH, Ingle JI. Indications and contraindications for endodontic surgery. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1964;18(1):97-113.
  13. Wang TM, Shif C, Liu JC, Kuo KJ. A clinical and anatomical study of the location of the mental foramen in adult Chinese mandibles. Cells Tissues Organs 1986;126(1):29-33.
  14. De Freitas V, Madeira MC, Toledo Filho JL, Chagas CF. Absence of the mental foramen in dry human mandibles. Cells Tissues Organs 1979; 104(3):353-5.
  15. Soames RW. Skeletal system. In Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of medicine and surgery. 38th Edited by Gray H. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1995:606–7.
  16. Hutchinson AC. Dental and oral X-ray diagnosis. E. & S. Livingstone Limited;
  17. Budhiraja V, Rastogi R, Lalwani R, Goel P, Bose SC. Study of position, shape, and size of mental foramen utilizing various parameters in dry adult human mandibles from North India. ISRN anatomy 2012;2013:1-5.
  18. Udhaya K, Saraladevi KV, Sridhar J. The morphometric analysis of the mental foramen in adult dry human mandibles: a study on the South Indian population. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7(8):1547-51.
  19. Amorim MM, Prado FB, Borini CB, Bittar TO, Volpato MC, Groppo FC, Caria PH. The mental foramen position in dentate and edentulous Brazilian’s mandible. Int J Morphol 2008;26(4):981-7.
  20. Yesilyurt H, Aydinlioglu A, Kavakli A, Ekinci N, Eroglu C, Hacialiogullari M, Diyarbakirli S. Local differences in the position of the mental foramen. Folia Morphol 2008;67(1):32-5.
  21. Igbigbi PS, Lebona S. The position and dimensions of the mental foramen in. West Afr J Med 2005;24(3):184-9.
  22. Tebo HG, Telford IR. An analysis of the variations in position of the mental foramen. Anat Rec 1950;107(1):61-6.
  23. Singh R, Srivastav AK. Study of position, shape, size and incidence of mental foramenand accessory mental foramen in Indian adult human skulls. Int J Morphol 2010:1141-6.
  24. Oliveira Junior EM, Araújo AL, Da Silva CM, Sousa-Rodrigues CF, Lima FJ. Morphological and morphometric study of the mental foramen on the M-CP-18 Jiachenjiang point. Int J Morphol 2009;27(1).
  25. Souaga K, Adou A, Angoh Y. Topographical and morphological study of the mandibular foramen in black Africans from the Ivory Coast. Odontostomatol Trop 2004;27(105):17-21.
  26. B, Priya Ranganath. A study of mental foramina in South Indian dry mandibles. Int J Anat Res 2016; 4(2):2231-4.
  27. Mbajiorgu EF, Mawera G, Asala SA, Zivanovic S. Position of the mental foramen in adult black Zimbabwean mandibles: a clinical anatomical study. Cent Afr J Med1998;44(2):24-30.
  28. Green RM. The position of the mental foramen: a comparison between the southern (Hong Kong) Chinese and other ethnic and racial groups. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1987;63(3):287-90.
  29. Mwaniki DL, Hassanali J. The position of mandibular and mental foramina in Kenyan African mandibles. East Afr Med J1992;69(4):210-3.
  30. Ngeow WC, Yuzawati Y. The location of the mental foramen in a selected Malay population. J Oral Sci 2003;45(3):171-5.
  31. Shukla RK, Gupta P, Hussein M, Hussain F, Singh AB. Morphometric measurement of mental foramen in dry human mandible in North Indian population. Int J Anat Res 2015;3(1):899-905.

Cite this article: Lekshmy Vijay. V.G, Ramakrishna Avadhani, Qudusia Sultana. AN INSIGHT TO THE ANTHROPOMETRIC STUDY OF MENTAL FORAMEN OF JAW BONE WITH RESPECT TO ITS SURGICAL IMPORTANCE. Int J Anat Res 2017;5(3.3):4343-4348. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2017.330