IJAR.2017.320

Type of Article:  Original Research

Volume 5; Issue 3.2 (August 2017)

Page No.: 4313-4316

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2017.320

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS OF THE LUNG: A CADAVERIC STUDY IN MUMBAI POPULATION

Deepak Khedekar *1, Shanta Hattangdi 2.

*1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, LTMMC & GH, Sion, Mumbai.MH, India.

2 Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, LTMMC & GH, Sion, Mumbai. MH, India.

*Corresponding author: Dr.Deepak N.Khedekar, Department of Anatomy, Lokamanya Tilak Municipal Medical College & GH, Sion, Mumbai, India.400022 Tel: +91-02224063214  Mobile – 9224449950 E-Mail: drdeepak2025@yahoo.co.in

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The lungs are vital organs of respiration and are situated in the thoracic cavity on either side of the mediastinum. The lungs are divided by fissures into lobes which facilitate movements of lobes in relation to one another during respiration. The arrangement of lung tissue into lobes helps in uniform expansion of the whole lung in inspiration. As a medical specialist detailed knowledge of anatomical variations in lung is important.

Materials and Methods: We studied the variations of fissures, lobes and hilar structures in 25 right and 25 left isolated lungs from the anatomy dissection hall at LTMMC &GH, Sion, Mumbai, India.

Results: Right lung variations – 8% were without any fissures. Horizontal fissure was incomplete in 20%. 1(4%) showed incomplete oblique fissure and 4 % had accessory fissures. 12 % had 3 arteries, 4 % had only one artery and remaining (84 %) had 2 arteries in the hilum. 1(4%) had one vein in the hilum,2 (8 %) had 3 veins in the hilum remaining 22 (88 %) had two veins in the hilum. Only 1 right lung shows one bronchus in the hilum, remaining showed 2 bronchi in hilum. Left lung variations:1(4 %) showed incomplete oblique fissure and 1( 4 %) showed 2 fissures and 3 lobes which is quiet interesting finding. 8 % showed 2 arteries and remaining had only one artery in the hilum. 1(4%) had one vein in the hilum and1( 4 %) had 3 veins in the hilum and remaining 92% having 2 veins in hilum. 6 (24 %)  of had 2 bronchi and 1 (4 %) had only one bronchus in the hilum rest are having 1 bronchus in the hilum.

Conclusion: The knowledge of variations in the lobar and hilar anatomy of the lung presented in this study is clinically important while interpreting the radiological images and performing surgical procedures.

Key words: Lung, hilum, Pulmonary, lobe, fissure, accessory fissure.

REFERENCES

  1. Shah P, Johnson D, Standring S. Thorax. In: Standring S, editor. Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 39thed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2005, 1068-9.
  2. Rosse C, Gaddum-Rosse P. Hollinshead’s textbook of anatomy. Philadelphia: Lipincott Williams & Wilkins; 1997,441-61.
  3. Brahmbhatt RJ, Chauhan KB, Bansal M, Brahmbhatt JN. Cadaveric study of azygous lobe of lung. Int J Basic Appl Med Sci 2013; 3: 30-3.
  4. Meenakshi S, Manjunath KY, Balasubramanyam V. Morphological variations of the lung fissures and lobes. Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci 2004; 46,179-82.
  5. Speckman JM, Gamsu G, Webb WR. Alterations in CT mediastinal anatomy produced by an azygos lobe. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1981;137,47-50.
  6. Aldur MM, Denk CC, Celik HH, Tasçioglu AB. An accessory fissure in the lower lobe of the right lung. Morphologie 1997; 81,5-7.
  7. Tarver RD. How common are incomplete pulmonary fissures,and what is their clinical significance? AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995;164,761.
  8. Larsen WJ. Human embryology. New York: Churchill Livingstone;1993,111-30.
  9. Polaczek M, Religioni J, Orłowski T. Anatomic variations of pulmonary vessels relevant with regard to lung tissue resections: literature review and personal experiences. Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol 2013; 10,232-238.
  10. Prakash, Bhardwaj AK, Shashirekha M, Suma HY, Krishna GG, Singh G. Lung morphology: a cadaver study in Indian population.Ital J Anat Embryol 2010;115,235-240.
  11. Nene AR, Gajendra KS, Sarma MV. Lung lobes and fissures: a morphological study. Anatomy 2011;5.30-38.
  12. Ghosh E, Basu R, Dhur A, Roy A, Roy H, Biswas A. Variations of fissures and lobes in human lungs: A multicentric cadaveric study from West Bengal, India. Int J Anat Radiol Surg 2013;2,5-8.
  13. Sharma G, Vijayvergiya T. Anatomical variations in lobar pattern of the lungs: anatomical study and clinical significance. J.Pharm Biomed Sci 2013; 26,301-303.
  14. Mayuri J, Pradeep P, Vasudha N, Aparna T, Smita M. Anomalous Lobar pattern of right lung: a case report. J Res Med Den Sci 2013; 1, 80-81.
  15. Berkmen T, Berkmen YM, Austin JH. Accessory fissures of the upper lobe of the left lung: CT and plain film appearance. AJR Am J Roentgenol 94; 162, 1287-1293.
  16. Frija J, Schmit P, Katz M, Vadrot D, Laval-Jeantet M. Computed tomography of the pulmonary fissures: normal anatomy. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1982;6:1069-1074.
  17. Medlar EM. Variations in interlobar fissures. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther 1947;57:723-725.
  18. Otsuji H, Uchida H, Maeda M, Iwasaki S, Yoshiya K, Hatakeyama M, Ohishi H, Iioka S, Kitamura S, Narita N. Incomplete interlobar fissures: bronchovascular analysis with CT. Radiology 1993;187:541-546.
  19. Abe S, Yamamoto M, Noguchi T, Yoshimoto T, Kinoshita H, Matsunaga S, Murakami G, Rodríguez-Vázquez JF. Fetal Development of the minor lung segment. Anat Cell Biol 2014;47:12-17.
  20. Speckman JM, Gamsu G, Webb WR. Alterations in CT mediastinal anatomy produced by an azygos lobe. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1981;137:47-50.
  21. Aldur MM, Denk CC, Celik HH, Tasçioglu AB. An accessory fissure in the lower lobe of the right lung. Morphologie 1997;81:5-7.
  22. Esomonu UG, Taura MG, Modibbo MH, Egwu AO. Variation in the lobar pattern of the right and left lungs: A case report. Australas Med J 2013;6:511-514.

Cite this article: Deepak Khedekar, Shanta Hattangdi. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS OF THE LUNG: A CADAVERIC STUDY IN MUMBAI POPULATION. Int J Anat Res 2017;5(3.2):4313-4316. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2017.320