IJAR.2016.494

Type of Article:  Original Research

Volume 5; Issue 1 (January 2017)

Page No.: 3426-3429

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2016.494

ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS IN FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIUM OF TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Manoj P Ambali * 1, Surekha D Jadhav 2.

*1 Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed University, Karad, Maharashtra, India

2 P D V V P F’s Medical Collage, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.

Correspondence address Dr. Surekha D Jadhav (MD), Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, PDVVPF Medical Collage, Vadgaon –Gupta (Viladghat)  Post: M.I.D.C., Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India, Pin: 414111, Mobile no- +91 9923373960 E-Mail: drsurekhadjadhav@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

Background: Cervical vertebrae have a typical feature that is presence of foramen bilaterally in their transverse process which is named as foramen transversarium through it passes vertebral artery, vertebral vein and sympathetic plexus of nerves. Among these cervical vertebrae typical cervical vertebrae have a typical bifid spine along with foramen transversarium. Deformation and variations of this foramen may affect the anatomical course of vascular and neural structures, and consequently may cause pathological conditions.

Objectives: To observe the anatomical variations in the foramen transversarium of typical cervical vertebrae.

Materials and Methods: Present work was carried on 163 dry typical (C3-C6) cervical vertebrae of unknown sex and age. Each vertebra was observed for shape, symmetry and number of foramen transversarium present in both transverse processes of cervical vertebra. Also we observed presence of any bony spicules in foramen transversarium.

Results: We found accessary foramen transversarium in 24 (14.72%) vertebrae. Among these 16 (9.81%) vertebrae were having bilateral and 8 (4.90%) vertebrae had unilateral accessary foramen transversarium. We classified foramen transversarium according to the shape and direction of the main diameter of foramen into seven types.

Conclusions: Anatomical knowledge of these variations is helpful for spine surgeons in preoperative planning and for preventing injury of vertebral vessel along with sympathetic nerves during cervical surgical approaches.

Key words: Foramen Transversarium, Typical Cervical Vertebrae, Accessory Foramen, Vertebral Artery, Vertebral Vein.

REFERENCES

  1. Taitz C, Nathan H, Arensburg B: Anatomical observations of the foramina transversaria. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.1978;41:170-176.
  2. Das S, Suri R, Kapur V: Double foramen transversaria: An osteological study with clinical implications. Int Med J. 2005;12:311-313.
  3. Kaya S, Yilmaz ND, Pusat S, Kural C, Kirik A, Izci Y. Double foramen transversarium variation in ancient byzantine cervical vertebrae: preliminary report of an anthropological study. Turk Neurosurg. 2011;21:534-8.
  4. A K Datta. Essentials of human embryology. 6th Edition.2010: 183.
  5. Veeramani and Shankar. An unusual origin of the right vertebral artery from the thyrocervical trunk- a case report. International Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 2011;2(4):2-6.
  6. Wysocki J, Bubrowski M, Reymond J, Kwiatkowski J. Anatomical variants of the cervical vertebrae and the first thoracic vertebra in man. Via Medica. 2003;62:357-363.
  7. Das S, Suri R, Kapur V. Double foramen transversaria: an osteological study with clinical implications. Int Med J. 2005;12:311-3.
  8. Sharma A, Singh K, Gupta V et al. Double foramen transversarium in cervical vertebra an osteological study. J Anat Soc India. 2010;59(2):229-31.
  9. Murlimanju BV, Prabhu LV, Shilpa K et al. Accessory transverse foramina in the cervical spine: incidence, embryological basis, morphology and surgical importance. Turk Neurosurg. 2011;21(3):384-7.
  10. Chaudhari ML, Maheria PB, Bachuwar SP. Double foramen transversarium in cervical vertebra. Morphology and clinical importance. Indian J Basic Appl Med Res. 2013;8(2):1084-8.
  11. Shital T. Shah, Kiran Arora, Kanan P. Shah. Study of Accessory Foramen Transversarium in Cervical Vertebrae. GCSMC J Med Sci. 2014;3(2):1-5.
  12. Patra A, Kaur H, Chhabra U et al. Double foramen transversarium in dried cervical vertebra: An osteological study with its clinical implications. Indian J Oral Sci 2015; 6:7-9.
  13. Akhtar MJ, Madhukar PK, Rahman S et al. A morphometric study of foramen transversarium of dried cervical vertebrae. Int J Res Med Sci 2015;3:912-6.
  14. Gujar S M, Oza S G, Shekhawa J P. A Study of Accessory Foramen Transversarium in Dry Cervical Vertebrae and Its Clinical Implications. 2015;6(6):27-30.
  15. Mishra G P, Bhatnagar S, Singh B, Mishra P P, Mishra  Anatomical Variations in Foramen Transversarium of Typical Cervical Vertebrae and Clinical Significance. IJBR. 2014;5(6):405-407.
  16. El Shaarawy EAA, Sabry SM, El Gammaroy T, Nasr LE. Mor­phology and morphometry of the foramina transversaria of cer­vical vertebrae: A correlation with the position of the vertebral artery. Kasr El Aini Medical Journal. 2010. Accessed December 10,2010.
  17. Caovilla H H, Ganança M M , Munhoz M S, Silva M L. cervical syndrome Tables Clinical neurotological Most Common. Atheneu Sao Paulo in 2000;3(11):95-100.
  18. An HS, Gordin R, Renner K: Anatomic considerations for plate screw fixation of the cervical spine. Spine 1991;16:548-551.

Cite this article: Manoj P Ambali, Surekha D Jadhav. ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS IN FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIUM OF TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE. Int J Anat Res 2017;5(1):3426-3429. DOI: 10.16965/ijar.2016.494