IJAR.2026.118
Type of Article: Case Study
Volume 14; Issue 2 (June 2026)
Page No.: 9496-9503
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2026.118
Anatomical Variations of the Superficial Palmar Arch in Human Cadavers: A Case Study
George N. Diamantis 1, Ali A. Abdulrahman *2.
1 Department of Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, ORCiD: 0000-0003-3933-2398
*2 Department of Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, ORCiD: 0000-0001-7144-0300
Corresponding Author: Dr. Ali A. Abdulrahman, Associate Professor of Biology, Department of Science, Chatham University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States, ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7144-0300, Phone number: 412-365-1218. E-Mail: AAbdulrahman@Chatham.edu
Abstract
Background: The superficial palmar arch (SPA) is a key structure in hand vascularization, yet its morphology is highly variable. These anatomical variations can have important implications for procedures such as revascularization, graft harvesting, and reconstructive hand surgery. The purpose of this study was to document variations of the SPA in human cadavers and consider their potential relevance for surgical planning and risk reduction.
Methods: Hands from ten cadavers were dissected to expose the SPA and surrounding neurovascular structures. Variations were documented and compared with the Coleman and Anson classification system.
Results: Superficial palmar arch morphology varied between hands from the same cadaver on bilateral comparison, with no consistent pattern observed across specimens. Only one hand demonstrated a classical radial–ulnar anastomosis. Other configurations included ulnar-dominant arches, complete and incomplete patterns, and a unique incomplete configuration in which perfusion to the first three digits was not observed. These findings highlight the substantial variability of the SPA and the limitations of existing classification schemes in capturing all observed patterns.
Conclusion: Recognition of SPA variability is important for surgical planning involving the hand. Preoperative vascular assessment may reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury, particularly in procedures involving arterial harvesting or reconstruction. Even within a small sample size, configurations were observed that extend beyond traditional descriptions, underscoring the importance of individualized anatomical evaluation.
Keywords: Median Artery, Median Nerve, Radial Artery, Radial Nerve, Superficial Palmar Arch, Ulnar Artery, Ulnar Nerve.
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