MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty (30) adult subjects both male and female comprising of CABG (15 subjects) and valve replacement (15 subjects) were included. Low intensity exercises were given to both groups which included range of motion exercises, stretching and minimal strength training. Haemodynamic variables and six minute walk distance were assessed pre and post invention in all the subjects.

RESULTS: The study demonstrated BMI to be lower valve replacement group than CABG group (p = 0.008). Ejection fraction(%) were higher in valve replacement subjects compared to CABG subjects (p = 0.027). Significant mean differences were noted in the heart rate between both the groups. (p = 0.045). There was a significant improvement in the six minute walk distance (p = 0.048) in both groups.

CONCLUSION: Low intensity exercises demonstrated improvements in heart rate and functional capacity in subjects  with CABG and valve replacement in phase I cardiac rehabilitation.

Objectives: To compare the gait variables such as walking velocity, cadence, step length, walking base, and single support time, in both control group of people and in the disease group.

Method: This descriptive cross sectional study conducted at physical therapy department National Hospital Sri Lanka. 120 participants were included for the study if they fulfill the inclusion criteria. The participants were divided in to Osteoarthritis and a control group. A walk way was used to collect data from the subjects. Participants were asked to walk once in a single direction in the walkway in their normal speed.

Results: The group of females with knee osteoarthritis had significant levels between means of single support time, step length, walking velocity and cadence. Males with osteoarthritis showed significance in walking velocity. Healthy males and females showed a significant gait variation in step length and walking velocity.

Osteoarthritis has an effect on the group of patients compared to healthy females. The single support time (15.62%), step length (8.5%), walking velocity (15.19%) and cadence (9.25%) showed reductions in gait parameters. Males with osteoarthritis showed a significant reduction in walking velocity (10.91%). Females with osteoarthritis has reduce single support time, step length, walking velocity and cadence and increase walking base compared to healthy control group of females. In the comparison among males, males with osteoarthritis have reduced step length, walking velocity, cadence and walking base but have same single support time, compared to healthy control group of males

Conclusion: Osteoarthritis shows different patterns of affection in gait between genders.

Key Words: Gait Analysis, Gait Parameters, Knee Osteoarthritis.

Methods: Thirty amputees were evaluated under inclusion criteria and randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group A received stretching(1 week)  followed by strengthening(3 weeks)  and in group B strengthening(3 weeks)  were followed by stretching(1 week)  . Phase I includes values after 1 week stretching program in group A and 3 weeks strengthening program in group B. Data were recorded at baseline, after phase I completion and end of treatment. Physical mobility was assessed by “Timed up and go” test.

Results: Muscle imbalance and physical mobility improved significantly in both groups at the end of treatment. The correlation values of “Timed up and go” test with Iliopsoas and Erector spinae muscle showed significant improvement in both groups.

Conclusion: Baseline measurements showed that Iliopsoas and Erector spinae muscles were tight whereas Gluteus maximus and Abdominal muscles were weak in transfemoral amputees. Functional mobility improved after correction of muscle imbalance. Stretching followed by strengthening gave more significant results than vice versa. Good posture in transfemoral amputee prevents muscle dysfunction and improves functional mobility.

Key Words: Muscle Imbalance, Lower Cross Syndrome, Stretching, Strengthening.

Objectives: Objective of the study is to assess the effect of PR on exercise tolerance and health related quality of life in COPD patients.

Methodology: The study is carried with 30 subjects and they were randomly selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They are divided into two groups. Experimental group and control group. The experimental group is under went two months pulmonary rehabilitation program in addition to medication and control group patients using medications only.

Results: Results showed the Experimental group showed significant improvement in the exercise tolerance and quality of life.

Conclusion: Early Pulmonary rehabilitation after discharge from hospital leads to additional notable improvements in exercise capacity and health status at two months compared with usual care

KEYWORDS:  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR), Ventilatory Capacity, Shortness of breath, Exercise tolerance.

Key Words: Coma, Traumatic brain injury, Electrical Stimulation, Right median nerve stimulation, RMNS, Position emission tomography, PET

Subjects and Methods: This RCT included a total of 50 dental professionals (29 males and 21 females) aged between 27-44 years (mean age of 36.4).They were randomly allocated equally into either experimental group who received EMG Biofeedback or the control group who received the conventional physiotherapy management.  Patients in the control group were given Hot Packs, IFT and neck care advice. In addition to conventional Physiotherapy treatments, patients in the experimental group received an EMG Biofeedback training program for the bilateral trapezius. The treatments were given for 30-45 minutes/ day / 5 days in a week for 2 weeks. The outcome tools used were; Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neck Disability Scale (NDI) and both were measured before starting the treatment and at end of 2 weeks.

Results & Conclusion:  Adding EMG biofeedback training for the trapezius muscles along with conventional physiotherapy management is found to be an effective method of treatment in the management of chronic non specific neck pain patients.

Keywords: EMG Biofeedback, WMSD, Neck pain.

Purpose of the study: To find out if Mulligan’s Spinal Mobilisation with Leg Movement technique (SMWLM) in conjunction with conventional treatment is better than conventional treatment alone in improving leg pain intensity (VAS), localization of leg pain (body diagram by Donelson), back specific disability (RMQ)  in patients with lumbar radiculopathy (L₅/ S₁  nerve root) in lumbar disc herniation.

Methods: The study is a randomized controlled trial performed on 30 patients with lumbar radiculopathy. Both the groups received back extension exercises, hot pack, precautions and ergonomic advice. The experimental group received SMWLM technique in addition to the conventional treatment. Outcomes included leg pain intensity, Roland Morris Questionnaire and body diagram by Donelson.

Results: There was significant improvement in VAS (p=0.000), body diagram (p=0.000 for experimental group and p=0.003 for conventional group) and Roland Morris Questionnaire score (p=0.000) within the groups. Between group analysis showed significant improvement in VAS (p=0.000), body diagram score (p=0.000). Although there was significant improvement in Roland Morris Questionnaire score within the groups but there no significant difference between the group (p=0.070).

Conclusion: Spinal Mobilization with Leg Movement technique in addition to conventional physical therapy produced significant improvement in leg pain intensity, location of pain and back specific disability in patients with lumbar radiculopathy in lumbar disc herniation.

KEYWORDS: Lumbar disc herniation, Lumbar radiculopathy, Manual therapy, physical therapy, Spinal Mobilization with Leg Movement.

Low-back pain is a common and important clinical and public health problem. Low back problems affect the spines flexibility, stability, and strength, which can cause pain discomfort and stiffness. The prevalence of occupational low-back pain varies between industries and occupations and there is an association with heavy physical work, static work postures such as prolonged sitting, vibration and psychosocial factors such as work dissatisfaction.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of such an ergonomic and ergonomic plus physiotherapy treatment on functional and symptomatic parameters of moderately disabled farmers with chronic low back pain.

Study Design: Experimental design.

Methods: 30 patients (farmers) were selected randomly from the population using simple random sampling procedure (Lottery Method) and were divided into two equal groups. Both Group A &B were given ergonomic intervention for 4 weeks. And Group B was given Physiotherapy intervention for 2session/week, up to 4 weeks.

Outcome measures: VAS(Visual Analogue Scale), Oswestry low back pain disability.

Results: In Group-A (Ergonomic ) and Group-B (Physiotherapy plus ergonomic), all data was expressed as mean ± , SDand was statistically analysed using paired ‘t’ test and independent ‘t’ test to determine the statistical difference among the parameters at 0.5% level of significance. Statistical data of SPADI showed that, Group-B is significantly different from Group-A with p<0.05; i.e 95% of significance.

Conclusion: In this study conclude that Physiotherapy plus ergonomic intervention to give greater improvement in pain, and functional performance in chronic low back pain among farmers.

Study design: Experimental study design with pre and post test design.

Procedure: As per the selection criteria sixty subjects are selected,  they are divides into two groups each group consists of thirty subjects, the tightness of the hamstring muscles are measured by using the Goniometer. Where in Group A administered the active stretching with with 30 seconds hold time and In the Group B administrated passive stretching with 30 seconds hold time. Both of stretches are given for five times per day. The post test measurements are taken after the successful course of six weeks of stretching.

Statistical tools: The paired t-test was used for the comparison within two groups. The comparison of both the Pre and Post test results of each groups are statistically analyzed.

Result: When comparing the pre test measurements in both the groups there is no significance, the value is 0.865 “p” value is greater than 0.05, so there is no significance. When comparing the post and pre test results of Group A and Group B, the values shows there is significance in the results, the value of 0.002 is less than that of the “p” value of 0.05 so there is significance.  This results shows that the active stretching is more effective than the passive stretching

Conclusion: The present study helps to conclude that the patient treated with active stretching will have the better improvement in the flexibility of hamstring muscles, so while treating the football players either for training or for rehabilitation active stretching is more effective method for flexibility.

Methods: The present randomized clinical trial was conducted among 40 subjects which included both male and female symptomatic subjects between the age of 18 to 35 years with acute NS-LBP and they were randomly allocated into 2 groups namely Group A[SWD, HMP, Mulligan’s TLR, MCE] , Group B[SWD, HMP, Mulligan’s BLR, MCE]. Pre-interventional and 7^th day Post-interventional outcome measurements were taken in the form of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ), Active Knee Extension (AKE) Measurement, Lumbar ROM and Core muscle strength.

Results: Intra-group comparison for all the outcome parameters in both the groups showed statistical significance (p<0.001). Inter group comparison for all the outcome parameters had differences but showed no statistical significance.

Conclusion: Mulligan’s Two Leg Rotation and Bent Leg Raise techniques are effective in increasing the hamstrings flexibility in subjects with acute non specific low back pain in terms of pain, range of motion and functional disability.