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    <title>IJPR-4-6-December-2016</title>
    <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.html</link>
    <description>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY AND RESEARCH: VOLUME 4 ISSUE 6, Nov-Dec 2016</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <managingEditor>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</webMaster>
    <copyright>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</copyright>
    <image>
      <title>IJPR-4-6-December-2016</title>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.html</link>
      <url>http://www.ijmhr.org/RSS-FEED/ijpr.Vol.4.6.jpg</url>
      <width>120</width>
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    <item>
      <title>PREVALENCE OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH NON-SPECIFIC BACK PAIN AMONG FEMALE PATIENTS IN AFIRM</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:24:13 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.171.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Samina Ghulam *, Amjad Sharif, Quratulain Saeed.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Back pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder of world, the most frequent back pain is known as non –specific back pain. Majority of back pain does not require medical care and resolve itself within days and weeks but some recurrent and severe non- specific back pain need management and cure. The selection of intervention depends upon the cause of back pain. The study identified the association of physical and psychosocial factors and investigated the most frequent causative factor of non – specific back pain in female patients of AFIRM.
Materials and Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted in AFIRM. The Keele Start Back pain screening tool was used to collect data from female patients with non-specific back pain, who came in physiotherapy department of AFIRM .The tool provided the brief demographic data of subjects and described the disability and belief about their back pain. The tool is also divided the patients in to sub groups according to the level of risk.
Our study identified that there is a high prevalence of psychosocial factor than physical factor in female patients with non-specific back pain of AFIRM and the large number of patients are at high risk than moderate and low risk.
Conclusion: The research will help to clinician, to select appropriate and accurate for cure and management of back pain it will also help to prevent back pain.
There is a need to conduct study in both genders and in other centers of region. The sample size should be large and study time should be long. There is also need to further identify particular physical and psychosocial factor like anxiety, depression etc
KEY WORDS: Back pain, physical factors and psychosocial factors.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:25:32 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.175.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Hanuman Sigh *1, Mukesh Goyal 2.
ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Adhesive Capsulitis (also known as frozen shoulder) is a painful and disabling disorder of unclear cause in which the shoulder capsule, the connective tissue surrounding the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder, becomes inflamed and stiff, greatly restricting motion and causing chronic pain. Adhesive Capsulitis has an incidence of 3–5% in the general population and up to 20% in those with diabetes.
Methodology: Lot of research papers, articles, books, etc. was referred in order to review literature about physiotherapeutic management of Adhesive Capsulitis. 
Conclusion: For many years much of the literature has referred to frozen shoulder as a self-limiting disease but the duration and severity may vary greatly. However there were few authors who have suggested that this condition lasts up to 6 months. But over a period of time many authors argued this old belief and found that the condition actual remains for 2 to 3 years. During last 40-50 years, many authors have conducted various studies on this condition and its physiotherapeutic management. But it is finally concluded that exercise is undoubtedly an important adjunct to treatment, its effectiveness as a sole treatment for frozen shoulder has not been thoroughly evaluated.  
KEY WORDS: Physiotherapeutic Management, Adhesive Capsulitis.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF KINESIO TAPING ON NECK FLEXORS AND CRANIOVERTEBRAL ANGLE IN SUBJECTS WITH FORWARD HEAD POSTURE: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:26:34 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.176.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Peeyoosha Gurudut *1, Sweta V Gauns 2.
ABSTRACT
Background: A pilot study on effect of kinesio taping has proved its effectiveness in subjects with forward head posture. However, there is need to conduct a controlled study by comparing it with placebo kinesio taping to prove its effectiveness.
Objective: To compare the effects of kinesio and placebo kinesio taping on endurance of neck flexors and craniovertebral angle in subjects with forward head posture.
Materials and Methods: 30 participants with forward head posture were recruited in the study and were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Kinesio taping group and Placebo kinesio taping group. Outcome measures were assessed before and after 6days of treatment by the assessor who was blinded to the treatment groups.
Results: Pre and post treatment values showed statistically significant result for both the groups in terms of pain, craniovertebral angle and isometric neck flexor endurance score. Also when comparison was made, both the groups showed equally significant results.
Conclusion: Kinesio taping appears to be effective in improving forward head posture. But when compared with Placebo kinesio taping, it did not prove to be superior in treating forward head posture.
KEY WORDS: Forward head posture, Craniovertebral angle, Kinesio taping, Neck flexor endurance.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF AEROBIC TRAINING ON QUALITY OF LIFE AND MENTAL HEALTH IN OBESE WOMEN</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:27:35 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.180.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Mayuri D. Mandlik 1, Amita Mehta *2.
ABSTRACT
Background: Obesity is increasingly important health problem worldwide including developing countries. Obesity is associated with mental illness and all aspects of individual’s quality of life .Aerobic training is mainstay in the management of obesity as it helps in caloric expenditure & weight loss.  
Objectives: To assess the effects of aerobic training on quality of life using SF-36 questionnaire and on mental health using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
Study Design: Prospective interventional study
Materials and Methods: 30 women with BMI > 25 kg/m2 in the age group of 20-60 years were selected according to convenience sampling method. Then quality of life and mental health evaluation was done using SF-36 questionnaire and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale respectively. An aerobic training program was given for 8 weeks,6 sessions per week with each session consisting of warm up & cool down period for 5-10 minutes and aerobic training of 15-45 minutes involving brisk walking, cycling, stair climbing at target heart rate 40%-60% of age predicted maximum heart rate. At the end of 8 weeks reassessment was done. 
Results: There was significant statistical difference found in physical functioning, role limitation due to physical health and due to emotional problems, energy levels, social functioning, pain, emotional well- being and general health post 8 weeks of aerobic training using Wilcoxon Signed Rank test p value 0.0001. Also there was statistically significant reduction in weight after aerobic training by using Paired t-test. 
Conclusion: We found that aerobic training improved quality of life and mental health in obese women. Also it induced weight loss in obese women.
KEY WORDS: Obesity, aerobic training, quality of life, mental health,SF-36, Hospital Anxiety and depression scale. ]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON PREVALENCE OF DISABILITY &amp; WORK RELATED FEAR IN MARBLE FACTORY WORKERS IN ABU ROAD</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:28:36 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.181.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Mayuri Sharma *1, Sarfraj khan 2, Arvind kumar 3.
ABSTRACT
Background: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are a major concern of workers, union, employers and government. Organization in many industrialized countries due to the high prevalence and enormous cost associated with these disorders. Disability related to chronic low back pain is a large complex and multidimensional phenomenon. the aim of the study is to see the prevalence of back pain in marble factory workers.
Materials and Methods: Two questionnaire were used to check the prevalence of back pain and work related fear. The questionnaire gathered demographic data as well as information on occurrence of back pain complaints in the previous 3 months. Descriptive statistics, frequency, and Chi-square analyses were used.
Results: The response rate to the questionnaire was 78% (117/150). Of the 117 responders included in the study, the one-year prevalence of WMSDs was 62.3%,  The frequency of WMSDs was not gender related  nor  it was related to age .WMSDs' impact on work was minor.
Conclusions: WMSDs among marble factory worker were common, with lower back  affected most. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of risk factors as psychosocial load, and general health status on prevalence musculoskeletal disorders.
KEY WORDS: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, Disability, Chronic Low Back Pain, WMSDs.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARISON OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION (TENS) AND  DRY NEEDLING (DN) TREATMENT ON  CHORNIC LOW BACK PAIN PARTICIPANTS - A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:29:37 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.182.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Sathiyavani Dhanakotti *1, Amit  Hemanani 2, Krishna Makwana 3, khyati Koisa 4.
ABSTRACT
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is most commonly affects the individuals with a lifetime prevalence of 60– 70%. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a multidimensional problem. There are various treatment approaches available to CLBP. Myofacial trigger point was commonly found in chronic pain syndrome. Recently, Dry Needling has the more significant emphasis even though other various treatments are available. 
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and Dry needling treatment on pain, lumbar ROM and functional disability in chronic low back pain participants.
Materials and Methods: A total 30 chronic low back pain individuals were randomly assigned into three groups conventional physiotherapy (Control Group),TENS (Experimental Group-1);and; Dry needling(Experimental group-2); n=10 in each group. All patients were treated for 3weeks and improvement was assessed in pain (NPRS) , lumbar range of motion (m.ST) and lumbar functional(m.ODI)used at prior interventions and after 3weeks. 
Result: In this study result showed that TENS group and dry needling(DN) treatment group were effective in all the measures when compared to control group. DN  was more effective in improving lumbar ROM, lumbar functional and reduction of pain when compared to TENS. 
Conclusion: The result of the study indicates that DN treatment was found to be superior to TENS in improving lumbar ROM and  functional and reduction of pain among chronic low back pain participants.
KEYWORDS: CLBP, myofascial Trigger point, TENS & DN.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ASSESSMENT OF GAIT AS OUTCOME MEASURE FOLLOWING SENSORY-ENHANCED THERAPY IN PARKINSON’S DISEASE USING UNIFIED PARKINSON’S DISEASE RATING SCALE (PART III).</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:30:39 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.184.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Sarala Khangare *1 , Maneesha Deshpande 2.
ABSTRACT
Background of the study: Gait and mobility problems causes disability in patients with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) which can result in loss of independence, falls and hospitalisation. Cueing is defined as using external temporal or spatial stimuli to facilitate gait. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of 4 weeks of gait training with sensory-enhanced therapy by using visual and auditory cue on gait score on tool Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), step length, gait speed and cadence in patients with PD.
Materials and Methods: Study Design was experimental study with total sample size of 30 patients with confirmed diagnosis of PD. Patients were divided into experimental group (n=15) and age and disease severity matched control group(n=15). Conventional gait training was commonly administered in both the groups, whereas sensory-enhanced therapy (visual and auditory cue) was given along with gait training in experimental group for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were recorded at the 1st day & at the end of 4th week in both experimental and control group. 
Results: The data collected was subjected to analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). All data were expressed in mean±sd, paired t-test was used to analyze the variables within the experimental and control group. Unpaired t-test was used for analyzing the variables between the experimental and control group. A significance level of 0.05 was set for all comparisons. There was a significant decrease in gait score on tool UPDRS (p=0.0002) increase in step length (p<0.001), gait speed (p<0.001) and cadence (p=0.005) in experimental group following 4-weeks of sensory-enhanced gait training as compared with the patients in the control group.
Conclusion and Clinical Significance: Sensory-enhanced gait training can be a useful rehabilitation strategy for the improvement of gait in PD patients and may prove to be valuable adjunct to traditional pharmacologic treatment of Parkinsonian gait.
KEY WORDS: Parkinson’s Disease, Gait Training, UPDRS, Visual Cue, Auditory Cue, Sensory-Enhanced Therapy, Basal Ganglia.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFICACY OF EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF A PATIENT WITH A CALCANEAL SPUR: A CASE REPORT</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:31:39 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.185.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Rathish Manickam *, Dirk Laubscher, Mohamed AG Elbaz. 
ABSTRACT
Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of pain in the inferior heel. During the chronic stage of this condition, a calcaneal heel spur might develop which leaves the patient in agonizing pain whenever the heel undergoes any weight bearing activity like standing and walking, adversely affecting the patient’s activities of daily living. Thus the purpose of the study was to find the efficacy of ExtraCorporeal Shock Wave Therapy in the treatment of calcaneal spur.
Our patient was treated in the outpatient department of physiotherapy in which 6 sessions of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy were administered. Plantar fascia stretching exercises and deep friction manipulation was also given to the fascia during the treatment. Outcome measures used were the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and Foot & Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). During a one month follow up period, there were no reoccurrence of heel pain. The patient also used viscoelastic insoles which provided a cushioning effect and comfort during walking and other daily activities. Thus it was concluded that ExtraCorporeal Shock Wave Therapy is effective in the treatment of calcaneal spur and improving patients functional activities
KEY WORDS: Plantar fasciitis, Calcaneal spur, Pain,  ExtraCorporeal Shock Wave Therapy, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS).]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF YOGA-BASED   EXERCISES ON BALANCE IN CHRONIC POST- STROKE PATIENTS</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:32:39 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.187.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Sayli Paldhikar, Gauri Kulkarni, Snehal Ghodey, Anuradha Sutar.
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: This was a preliminary investigation of the effects of a yoga-based exercise program on people with chronic (> 9 months) poststroke hemiparesis on balance. Most of them report an impaired health status because of a reduced level of activity. Proponents of yoga contend that it offers a gentle alternative exercise program that can be easily adapted for people with post stroke hemi-paresis to improve balance 
Subjects and Methods: Four subjects with chronic poststroke hemiparesis participated in this study. The primary outcome measures were the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and go test (TUG)  and Tinetti’s POMA(Performance oriented mobility assessment). The 4 week intervention phase consisted of 40 min yoga sessions, 3 times per week, in the subject's home. The primary outcome data were collected pre and post intervention. 
Results: All Subjects had improved BBS & POMA scores, and reduced TUG scores post intervention 
Discussion and Conclusion: The results suggest that yoga may be beneficial to post stroke hemiparetic patients. Further investigation is required to further examine the effects of yoga in this population.
KEY WORDS: Hemiparesis, Yoga, BBS, POMA, TUG.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFICACY OF PRANAYAMIC BREATHING ON COGNITION AND BALANCE IN PARKINSON’S PATIENTS</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:33:39 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.189.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Neha Singh *1, K. Senthil. 
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To investigate the effects of Pranayamic breathing on cognition and balance in Parkinson’s patients.
Introduction: Recent researches have shown that pranayamic breathing shifts autonomic nervous system away from sympathetic dominance. Other physical disorders that are caused by improper mental health have excellent cure through pranayamic breathing exercises. 
Materials and Methods: Twenty Parkinson’s patients between 50-80 years of age and stage 3 of Hoehn & Yahr scale were selected purposively and were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received pranayamic breathing with conventional physiotherapy for 4 days a week for 4 weeks. Group B received conventional physiotherapy. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Timed Get Up Go (TUG), Tinetti’s Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) were used to assess cognition and balance.
Analysis: To compare values of MMSE, TUG test and POMA at the end of trial in each group, repeated measure ANOVA with Bonferroni test was used. To compare those differences between two groups univariate ANOVA was used. A level of significance was p<0.05.
Results	: Comparison of MMSE and POMA score was found to be statistically significant in group A (p<0.05). Comparison of TUG score at the end of trial in each group was found to be statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Comparison of MMSE, TUG and POMA score at the end of week 4 in both group was found to statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusion: This study concluded, pranayamic breathing with conventional physiotherapy has shown improvement in cognition and balance in Parkinson’s patients.
Implications	: Pranayamic breathing can be used along with conventional physiotherapy to improve cognition and balance in Parkinson’s patients.
KEY WORDS: Pranayama, Parkinson’s disease, Balance, Cognition.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AMONG HEALTHY GERIATRICS</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:34:40 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.191.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Nikita P Watwani.
ABSTRACT
Background: Physical capacity is identified with morbidity and mortality of elderly. Appraisal of physical fitness helps to distinguish early physical ageing. Understanding the participation of physical fitness components to functional execution encourages the improvement of satisfactory exercise interventions aiming at protection of function and independence of elderly. The age-related disintegration of physiological limits, for instance, muscle strength and balance is connected with increased dependence. This study researched the physical fitness levels of older Indian adults and the ageing impact on fitness.
Purpose: To assess physical fitness in geriatrics using senior fitness battery tests, assessing the strength, endurance, flexibility and agility/dynamic balance in age group above 60 years.
Materials and Methods: Senior Fitness Test (SFT) was used which consisted of the 30second chair stand test, arm curl test, chair sit and reach test, back scratch test, 8 feet up and go test, 6-minute walk test and incremental shuttle walk test. The study was carried out on a sample of 146 participants (74 males and 72 females) aged from 60 years and above, both community dwelling as well as institutionalized elders in Mumbai city. On the basis of their age, the participants were divided into three sub-samples: Young old between the age group of 60-69 years, Middle old between age group 70-79 years and Old old between 80 years and above. Further subsamples of men and women were isolated. Further the data analysis was done.
Results: As per the normative data, best result was achieved by men in age group 60 – 69 as compared to women. For age group 60 – 69, the strength, flexibility, agility and endurance are more than age groups 70 – 79 and 80 & above. 
Conclusions: The study of level of physical fitness in institutionalized and community dwelling among healthy geriatric population showed that the best result was achieved by men in the age group of 60-69 years than female. This suggests that as the age increases, the strength, flexibility, agility and endurance decreases.
KEY WORDS: Physical fitness, elderly, age groups, senior fitness test.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARISON OF MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE AND MYOFASCIAL RELEASE TECHNIQUE ON PAIN AND RANGE OF MOTION IN PATIENTS WITH TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:35:40 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.192.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Parth Trivedi *1, Preeti Bhatt 2, Sathiyavani Dhanakotti 3, Gopal Nambi 4.
ABSTRACT
Background: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) refers to a group of problems related to the temporomandibular joint. The etiology of TMJD is still unclear and is believed to be complex. Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) disorders are generally divided into two categories; articular disorders (e.g., ankylosis, developmental disorders, disk derangement disorders, fractures, etc.) & masticatory muscle disorders (e.g., myofascial pain, myofibrotic contracture, etc.). Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Muscle Energy Technique and Myofascial Release Technique on pain and range of motion in temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients.
Materials and Methods: Chronic temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients (N=36) were recruited and randomly allocated into three groups (Muscle Energy Technique- MET; Myofascial Release Technique-MFR and Control; N=12 in each group). All the groups completed 4 weeks of intervention.
Results: The 4 weeks of treatment program resulted in significant improvement in reduction of pain (NPRS p<0.05) & increase in range of motion (p<0.05) in TMJD patients which was not evident in the control group. However, MET was found to be more clinically effective compared to MFR in all outcome scores.
Conclusions: Both MET and MFR are effective in reducing pain and increasing ROM in chronic TMJD subjects. However, MET was found to be superior to MFR.
KEY WORDS: Temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Muscle Energy Technique; Myofascial Release Technique, NPRS & ROM.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>ROLE OF CORE STABILITY EXERCISES IN OBESE INDIVIDUALS WITH LOW BACK PAIN: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Dec 2016 10:36:40 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.4.6/IJPR.2016.193.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Parwinder Kaur *, Deepika Sharma, Sandeep Kumar, Smati Sambyal.
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Pain in the lower back is a common concern, affecting up to 90% of population at some point in their lifetime, up to 50% have more than one episode . It has been found that annual expenditure on the low back pain range from $30-70 billion . The main causative factor that can cause back pain is poor posture while sitting, standing and lifting heavy weights. Other factors that can cause low back pain include spinal disorders and systemic diseases. Core stability exercises have become one of the fitness trend broadly used exercises for low back pain. 
Materials and Methods: 47 patients, having  BMI more than 30, both males and females and age between 18-45 years, of low back pain were taken. All the patients were assessed for pain and level of disability with Visual analogue scale and Oswestry disabilty questionnaire. After the baseline assessment, all the patients were conveniently divided into two equal groups, Group A and Group B. Group A received conventional  physiotherapy whereas  Group B received  core stability  exercises along with conventional physiotherapy. The subjects were reassessed after completion of 8 weeks of intervention. The purpose of the study was to determine the Role of core stability exercises in Obese Individuals with Low Back Pain:  A Prospective Study.
Result & Conclusion: It can be concluded that both conventional physiotherapy as well as addition of core stability exercises are effective in obese individuals with low back pain but addition of core stability exercise has much more remarkable effect than conventional physiotherapy alone on low back pain in obese patients. Hence core stability exercises is an integral part of physiotherapy regime for accurate and efficient management of low back pain
KEY WORDS:  Low Back Pain, Core Stability Exercises, Level of Disability, Pain.]]></description>
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