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    <title>IJPR-CURRENT ISSUE VOLUME 3 ISSUE 5</title>
    <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.html</link>
    <description>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY AND RESEARCH: VOLUME 3 ISSUE 5, September- October 2015</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <managingEditor>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</webMaster>
    <copyright>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</copyright>
    <image>
      <title>IJPR-CURRENT ISSUE VOLUME 3 ISSUE 5</title>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.html</link>
      <url>http://www.ijmhr.org/RSS-FEED/ijpr.Vol.3.5.jpg</url>
      <width>120</width>
      <height>130</height>
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    <item>
      <title>INTER-RATER AND INTRA-RATER RELIABILITY OF ACTIVE HIP ABDUCTION TEST FOR STANDING INDUCED LOW BACK PAIN</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2015 18:54:09 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.187.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Mansi Shah *1, Pravin Aaron 2, Subin Solomen 3.
Abstract: Background:  Active hip abduction test (AHAbd) has previously been shown to be a reliable tool for predicting low back pain development during a prolonged standing exposure in previously asymptomatic individuals, but the reliability of AHAbd on patients with standing induced occupational low back pain has not been established. As it is an observation based test, reliability among different raters and same rater must be established. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of the AHAbd test as a diagnostic instrument in subjects with standing induced occupational low back pain.
Materials and Methods:  A total of 30 subjects were assessed with 1 day interval to find out intra-rater reliability and the same 30 subjects were examined independently on the same day by two therapists to get the inter-rater reliability. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for reliability statistics.
Results and Discussions:  AHAbd test demonstrated higher intra-rater reliability that is 0.91 (95% CI: .82-.85) than inter-rater reliability which was 0.83 (95% CI: .82-.95), although both were moderate to good for patients with standing induced low back pain.
Conclusions:  AHAbd test may prove useful as part of an ergonomic assessment but its level of reliability warrants cautions for its sole use when assessing low back pain induced by prolonged standing.
KEY WORDS: AHAbd test, low back pain, prolonged standing, reliability, teachers, lumbo-pelvic control.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF STOTT’S PILATES VERSUS YOGIC EXERCISE IN FIBROMYALGIA PATIENTS: A PILOT STUDY</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2015 22:57:17 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.186.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Ashika Tanna *1, Soumik Basu 2, Kajal Anadkat 3.
Abstract: Background: Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) can be defined as a rheumatological condition characterised by chronic widespread pain, a reduced pain threshold as well as hyperalgesia and allodynia. It is a nonarticular painful condition with generalised tender points. 
Purpose: The aim of this randomised study was to compare the effects of Stott’s Pilates versus Yogic exercise on pain, tenderness, pressure threshold, depression & fatigue in Fibromyalgia patients, which is chronic musculoskeletal disorder. 
Methodology: Female and male (n=20) who had a diagnosis of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were selected from Dr. D.Y.Patil hospital, Physiotherapy department O.P.D. The participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups. In group A, a Pilates exercise program of 1 hour was given by a certified trainer to 10 participants 6 days a week for 4 weeks. In group B, Yoga program of 1 hour was given by certified instructor to10 participants  6 days a week for 4 weeks. In both groups, pre- (1st day) and post treatment (4th week) evaluation was performed by VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), TPI (Tender Point Index), AS (Algometric Score), BDI (Beck Depression Inventory) and FSS (Fatigue Severity Scale). 
Results: Twenty participants completed the study. In Group A significant difference were observed for VAS, TPI, BDI & FSS (statistically p<0.05) and in Group B significant difference were observed for VAS, TPI, AS, BDI & FSS (statistically p<0.05). But between group comparison result was not supports the within group differences (statistically p>0.05). 
Conclusion: Hence, we suggest Pilates exercise and Yoga both are equally effective in treating fibromyalgia patients.
KEY WORDS: Fibromyalgia, Pressure Algometer, Stott’s Pilates, Yoga.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>CONTENTS AND FEATURES OF “SYLLABI” FOR UNDER GRADUATE PHYSIOTHERAPY EDUCATION IN NORTHERN INDIA: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2015 22:57:17 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.184.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Nidhi Kalra *1,  Sanjeev Gupta 2, Charvi Vij 3, Ashu Gupta 4.
Abstract: Introduction The syllabus is a description and plan for a course and, if well written, may be a tool that improves student learning, facilitates faculty teaching, improves communications between faculty members about their courses, and assists with monitoring program quality. The level of education for physical therapists should reflect the current and future needs of professional practice and society and changes in physical therapy roles and function as well as changes in the legislation that regulates physical therapy practice. Therefore, through our study, we would assess the existing contents and features of syllabi of various universities conducting Under-graduate Physical Therapy education program in Northern India and throw a light whether they are diverse or in consonance to each other.
Aim and Objective: To study the contents and features of various syllabi for Under-graduate Physiotherapy education conducted by various Universities and Institutes of Northern India with special focus on Orthopaedics and relevant subjects.
Materials and Methods: There are 24 universities conducting Undergraduate Physiotherapy program in Northern India, 20 universities were found suitable out of which data of 19 universities could be collected.  The data was collected by personal visit, from official website of universities, via e-mail and by other sources. The data collected includes course scheme – syllabus, transcript, subject credits and examination scheme
Results: The results of this study show that features of syllabi in these universities differ on the basis of total number of academic hours, subject allocation in various years, number of theory and practical hours allotted, percentage weight age of hours, maximum marks, and percentage weight age of marks of each subject. 
Conclusion: This study concludes that syllabus of the Bachelors of Physiotherapy program in Northern India is variable. The variability is not seen in the program structure rather in: Total number of subjects, Curriculum hours allotted to each subject, Subject allocation in various years, Examination system – annual or semester system, Maximum marks allotted to a subject in the university examination scheme, Total academic hours in a year, Hours allotted for clinical training.
KEY WORDS:  Physiotherapy Education; Syllabus, Curriculum, Transcript, Examination Scheme.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTIVENESS OF ICE PACK VERSUS COLD WATER IMMERSION ON STATIC AND DYNAMIC BALANCE IN ANKLE SPRAIN</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2015 22:57:16 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.183.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[M. Seshagiri Rao *1, Divya vemali 2.
Abstract: Background: Cryotherapy is commonly used in physical therapy with many known benefits; however several investigations reported decreased functional performance, there is lack of evidence detailing the effects of Cryotherapy in ankle sprain individuals. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to know the effectiveness of ice pack versus cold water immersion on static and dynamic balance in ankle sprain.
Materials and Methods: 30 subjects with ankle sprain were participated and randomly divided into two groups 15 each. Group A received ice pack application, group B cold water immersion for 20 minutes duration of 10 days. Static balance (balance error scoring system), dynamic balance (star excursion balance test) were recorded before and after the interventions, were analyzed by using students ‘t’ test.
Results: The static balance for both the groups showed a decrease number of errors in tandem stance and double limb stance after ice pack application, Whereas there is no difference found in single limb stance. Dynamic balance increased in ice pack application compared to ice water immersion.
Conclusion: Results after 10 days showed marked variation suggesting better improvements in both static and dynamic balance by ice pack application than cold water immersion for ankle sprain athletes.
KEY WORDS: Ice Pack, Cold water immersion, Static Balance, Dynamic Balance, Ankle Sprain. ]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>PHYSIOTHERAPEUTIC STUDY ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY COMPOSITION AND LUNG FUNCTION</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2015 22:57:15 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.182.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Ankit kaur 1, Rohit Subhedar *2, Pallavi Dave 3, Priyanka Mishra 4, Dirgha Sharma 5.
Abstract: Background: Influence of body composition on lung functions is of enormous clinical importance. Impaired lung functions particularly low forced vital capacity (FVC), low forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FVC & FEV1 ratio are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and it is also well recognized that severe clinical obesity is associated with impairment of lung function. The aim of our study is to observe the correlation between pulmonary function and body composition parameters on individuals with different body mass index.
Methods: 150 subjects consist of 75 males and 75 females in the age group of 40 to 60 years, were classified into normal weight, overweight and obese grade 1 groups according to the WHO guidelines. The body composition measured by using the Bioelectric Impedance based Tanita BC-418 and pulmonary functions assessed by using computerized Jaeger Master scope. 
Results: Results of statistical analysis showed that the fat free mass of normal male was identified as the strongly significant predictor of variation in pulmonary function parameters such as FVC (p<0.006) and FEV 1s (p<0.008) in comparison to normal female (p>0.05). The BMI (p<0.002) and FFM (p<0.001) detected as strongly significant while TF% (p<0.05) identified as significant predictor of variation in FVC of the obese grade 1 male (Group C). It was also found that the BMI (p<0.001), TF% (p<0.004) and FFM (p<0.001) of obese grade 1 male strongly impacted the FEV 1s. The ratio (FVC/FEV 1s) was less significantly (p>0.05) by BMI FFM and TF% of obese grade 1 male. 
Conclusion:  A significant positive correlation was observed between fat free mass and FCV and FEV1. Body fat percentage and trunk fat percentage had a stronger correlation than BMI.
KEY WORDS: -Forced vital capacity, Forced expiratory volume in 1sec, Body mass index, Body fat percentage, Trunk fat percentage, Fat free mass.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF CONVENTIONAL TENS VERSUS SPINAL MOBILIZATION IN PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2015 22:57:14 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.181.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Manisha Mistry *1, Vishnu Vardhan 2, Tushar Palekar 3, Rasika Panse 4.
Abstract: Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common disabilitating factor in most of the adolescent girls. It is a major cause of inability to concentrate on their work or studies, class or school absenteeism, inability to perform in their academic activities. This study conducted to assess the effect of non-invasive treatments for pain relief during dysmenorrhea. 
Aim and Objectives: To study the effect of Conventional TENS and Spinal mobilization on pain in Primary Dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. 
Materials and Methods: Fifty adolescent girls aged between 14-18 years were selected for the study that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Quasi experimental study was done to compare the effect of TENS and Maitland’s spinal mobilisation in Adolscent girls suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. They were randomly divided in two groups: Group A for TENS (n= 24) and Group B for spinal mobilisation (n= 26) and participant’s menstrual history was recorded. Girls with severe dysmenorrhea, pelvic pathology and spinal pathology were excluded from this study. Treatment was given on 1st and 2nd day of menstruation period. Adolescent girls   marked the Short form Mc gill Pain Questionnaire (SFMPQ) which includes PPI and VAS before and just after the treatment.  Total scores were noted and subjected to statistical analysis. 
Result: Data was analyzed using Mann Whitney U test which compared data between groups; results were not statistically significant (p> 0.05) for SFMPQ, PPI and VAS. Pain relief was approximately the same for the two groups. Conclusion: The study concludes that TENS and mobilisation both are effective reducing pain among adolescent girls who suffer from primary dysmenorrhea.
KEY WORDS: Adolescent girls, Dysmenorrhea, conventional TENS, Spinal mobilisation, Pain.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF PREOPERATIVE EXERCISE ON MEASURES OF FUNCTIONAL STATUS IN MEN AND WOMEN UNDERGOING TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2015 22:57:13 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.180.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Prakash Patel *1, Namrata Patel 2 , Vandana Rathod 3.
Abstract: Total Knee Replacement (TKR) is the standard treatment for patients with severe knee osteoarthritis (OA). Significant improvement in pain and function are seen after TKR and approximately 80% of patients are very satisfied with the outcome. Functional status prior to TKR is a major predictor of outcome after the intervention. However, results from several previous trials testing the concept have been inconclusive after surgery. There was a significant increase in functional status in subjects undergone TKR. Exercise training shows significant improvement in the functional outcome of knee
KEY WORDS: Total Knee Replacement, Exercise training, Educational training.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF VIEWING DISTANCE AND HEAD FLEXION ON POSTURAL CONTROL DURING ONE AND TWO-LEGGED STANCE</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2015 22:57:12 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.179.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Osamu Aoki 1*, Yoshitaka Otani 2, Shinichiro Morishita3, Kazuhisa Domen 3. 
Abstract: Background: Short viewing distances and head flexion decrease and increase postural sway, respectively. Few studies have examined the effects of these factors during one-legged stance or voluntary body leaning within the base of support, both of which often occur in daily life. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of viewing distance and head flexion in several postural control conditions. 
Materials and Methods: Fifteen healthy young subjects participated in this study, and center of pressure (CoP) displacement was measured in five conditions (gazing 600 cm forward, 150 cm forward, downward, forward with eyes closed, and downward with eyes closed) during two- and one-legged stances and voluntary body leaning. Measurements included that the root mean square (RMS) of the anteroposterior (A-P) and mediolateral (M-L) directions during two- and one-legged stance, and maximum A-P and M-L distances during voluntary body leaning. 
Results: Our results showed that the M-L RMS of 150 cm was less than that of 600 cm during one-legged stance (p = 0.01). Moreover, the A-P and M-L RMS values of downward gazing were lower than those of 600 cm (A-P RMS: p = 0.003 and M-L RMS: p = 0.002). The M-L distances of 150 cm and downward were larger than that of 600 cm (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). 
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the effect of viewing distance was more evident during one-legged stance and voluntary body leaning.
KEY WORDS:  Balance, Vision, Stance, Head flexion, Postural sway.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE REFERENCE VALUES FOR TWO MINUTE WALK DISTANCE IN HEALTHY INDIAN ADULTS</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2015 22:57:05 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.178.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation </category>
      <description><![CDATA[T. Krishna Priya 1, Shaswat Verma *2.
Abstract: Background: The use of functional scales to assess the prognosis of the individuals is widely being encouraged by the International classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Two, six and twelve minute walk tests are the existing functional walk tests, among which 6MWT is being considered as the gold standard. Patients in acute stages of illnesses and early stages of recovery, it is difficult and tiring to accomplish a 6MWT. 2MWT is presently being used as a pre and post-test. To comment on the status of the patient and the test results in the first attempt, it is necessary to look at the reference values of 2MWT. 
Purpose of the study: This study aims to establish reference values for 2MWT in healthy Indian adults. 
Objective of the study: To establish reference values for 2 minute walk distance in healthy Indian adults of 20-80 years age. 
Methods: Three hundred subjects met the inclusion criteria through convenience sampling. Two trials of 2MWT were administered. Instructions for the test were adopted from American Thoracic Society guidelines for 6MWT. Out of the two trials, the one in which more distance was covered by the subject was taken for the analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.  
Results: The mean 2MWD was 182.69 + 32.40 meters. 2MWD had shown moderate significant negative correlation with age (r = -0.58) and weak but significant positive correlation with height (r = 0.35). The correlations with weight (r= 0.1) and BMI (r= -0.13) were found to be negligible. It was also found that males walked 21.55 + 3.5 meters more than females and aye2MWD during the second trial was found to be 3.011 + 1.44 meters greater than the first trial. 
Conclusion: The average distance covered by a healthy Indian individual is approximately 182.69 + 32.40 meters in 2 minutes duration. 
Implication: Patients in early stages of rehabilitation, early post-operative period and patients with severe disability, found 6MWT difficult,  intolerable, time consuming and too fatiguing. So, 2MWT is being used as an outcome scale of priority in these populations recently. It is clinically more useful when compared to 6MWT. 
KEY WORDS: 2 minute walk test, Functional capacity, Indian population, Exercise capacity, Functional walking test.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>TREATMENT EFFECTS 101</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2015 22:23:20 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.5/IJPR.2015.173.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Thelma J. Mielenz *1, Janet K. Freburger 2, Timothy S. Carey 2,3. 
Abstract: Physical therapy researchers are interested in how beneficial an intervention is or the “treatment effect.”  There are many measures of treatment effect that are applicable for understanding the efficacy and effectiveness of health interventions. Given that each treatment effect has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, understanding these characteristics can help guide which measure is most appropriate for a specific study. This article presents the more common treatment effects for both dichotomous and continues outcomes.  The overall aim is to serve as a guide to newer physical therapy researchers on using and interpreting treatment effects.
KEY WORDS: Treatment effects, Relative measures of effect, Absolute measures of effect.]]></description>
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