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    <title>IJPR-CURRENT ISSUE VOLUME 3 ISSUE 4</title>
    <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.html</link>
    <description>INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY AND RESEARCH: VOLUME 3 ISSUE 4, JULY- AUGUST 2015</description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <managingEditor>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</managingEditor>
    <webMaster>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</webMaster>
    <copyright>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</copyright>
    <image>
      <title>IJPR-CURRENT ISSUE VOLUME 3 ISSUE 4</title>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.html</link>
      <url>http://www.ijmhr.org/RSS-FEED/ijpr.Vol.3.4.jpg</url>
      <width>120</width>
      <height>130</height>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>MAXIMAL RESPIRATORY PRESSURES AND THEIR CORRELATES IN NORMAL INDIAN ADULT POPULATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:57 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.169.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Veena Kiran Nambiar *1, Savita Ravindra 2.
ABSTRACT: Background: The measurement of maximum static inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum static expiratory pressure (MEP) is important in the diagnosis of respiratory muscle dysfunction. There is a paucity of data done on MIP and MEP across the decades in Indian population to predict normal values for maximal respiratory pressures.  
Materials and Methods: Five hundred subjects were selected through purposive sampling. Each age group had 100 subjects (50 males and 50 females). Pulmonary function tests and baseline data of demographic and anthropometric data of the normal subjects like age, height, weight and body mass index was recorded. The maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and Maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) was measured with a portable respiratory pressure meter (Micro RPM) using a standard protocol. 
Results: MIP and MEP were studied across all decades and the mean values obtained were comparable with that of the Caucasian population in previous studies. Also MIP and MEP mean values were significantly higher in males as compared to females across the decades. Age showed a statistically significant negative correlation   with both MIP and MEP with  pearsons  correlation coefficient. In males, MIP and MEP correlated negatively with height and weight. In females MIP correlated negatively with height and MEP correlated positively with height and weight. 
Conclusion: The decade wise mean values obtained for MIP and MEP can be used as a reference to determine respiratory muscle strength in normal Indian adult population. 
KEY WORDS: Maximal Respiratory Pressures, Adults, MIP, MEP, Normal Values, Reference Values.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF TAPING ON GAIT PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH HEEL PAIN</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:53 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.166.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Pranali Suryavanshi 1, Ajay kumar 2, Parag Kulkarni 3, Prakash Patel *4.
Abstract: This study was to examine effect of taping on gait parameters with heel pain. A cross sectional study has been done on 60 females by convenient sampling. The study was to examine dorsiflexion ROM by using star excursion balance test. It was performed in all directions for three trials. Distance was recorded with measure tape.  Ankle ROM was performed by weight bearing lunge. Individuals who demonstrate impairments in dorsiflexion ROM may also demonstrate difficulty with portions of the SEBT. There is significant positive correlation in between dorsiflexion range of motion and star excursion balance test in anterior and postero lateral direction.
KEY WORDS: Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), Heel Pain, Taping, Range of Motion, Excursion Balance Test. ]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY OF VASTUS MEDIALIS OBLIQUE MUSCLE DURING SQUATS ON DIFFERENT SURFACES</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:49 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.164.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Kunjal Parekh*, Madhuri Gaur.
ABSTRACT: Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the effects of squat exercises performed on different surfaces on the activity of the Vastus Medialis Oblique (VMO) muscle. 
Method: Forty healthy subjects performed squat exercises for five seconds each on three different support surfaces: concrete floor, foam, and rubber discs. As the subjects performed the squat exercises on each surface, data on the activity of the vastus medialis oblique was collected using electromyography. 
Results: The activity of the vastus medialis oblique and was found to be statistically significantly higher (p<0.05) on rubber discs than when the squats were performed on concrete floor or foam. 
Conclusion: The activation of vastus medialis obilique is more on unstable surfaces. Hence they are more suitable strengthening of VMO.
KEY WORDS: Vastus medialis oblique, Electromyography, Support surfaces.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE ASSOCIATION OF BODY MASS INDEX WITH PERFORMANCE-BASED MEASURES OF BALANCE AND MOBILITY IN YOUNG ADULTS</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:45 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.163.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Madhuri Gaur*, Kunjal Parekh.
ABSTRACT: Background: The incidence of obesity is increasing in younger adults, with associated worsening of disability. Little is known about the impact of body mass index (BMI) on performance-based balance and mobility measures in younger adults.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of BMI with measures of balance and mobility. 
Methods: Young adults who participated in the study (N=50) were classified as normal weight, overweight, moderately obese, or severely obese. Mobility and balance were assessed by performance-based measures. Pearson correlation test was used to examine the association among BMI, mobility, and balance after controlling for potential confounding variables.
Results: There is a significant correlation between mobility and BMI at 0.01 levels. There is also a significant correlation between balance and BMI, though there was no correlation found between standing with narrow base balance and BMI. 
Conclusions: Higher BMI levels are associated with poorer mobility and balance. Furthermore, individuals classified as being of normal weight and those classified as overweight were similar in mobility and balance, whereas individuals with obesity had greater impairments in mobility and balance.
KEY WORDS:  Balance, Mobility, Body Mass Index (BMI), Weight, Obesity, Impairment.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF A FOCAL MUSCLE VIBRATION ABOVE TRICEPS BRACHII MUSCLE ON UPPER LIMB SPASTICITY IN A PATIENT WITH A CHRONIC SPINAL CORD INJURY: A CASE REPORT </title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:40 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.162.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Mohammad Etoom *1, Agnese Marchetti 2.
Abstract: Aim: To estimate the effect of focal muscle vibration on the spasticity  of antagonist muscle group (biceps brachii)  and upper extremity muscles when we apply it to agonist muscle group (triceps brachii).
Methodology: Our case study is a male patient who suffered from hemiparesis spastic due   to spinal cord injury. He was initially evaluated using the modified ashworth scale (MAS). He received 10 sessions of 100 Hz focal muscle superficially to triceps brachii muscle, at the elbow joint.
Major finding: We found that the spasticity for both the elbow joint and the non-vibrated wrist joint muscles has reduced. No effect was found on the tone of the shoulder joint.
Conclusion: The applied focal muscle vibration on triceps brachii muscle can reduce the spasticity for both elbow and wrist joint muscles.
KEY WORDS: Focal Muscle Vibration, Spasticity, Spinal Cord Injury.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARISION OF DYNAMIC CYCLING VS STATIC CYCLING ON ENDURANCE, BALANCE, AND WALKING ABILITY OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:36 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.161.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[PatitapabanMohanty *1, Nishitha Meshram 2, Monalisa Pattnaik 3.
Abstract: Background: The impairments in cerebral palsy can limit a child’s ability to play and exercise at intensities necessary to develop cardio respiratory fitness.
Objective: To compare the effects of dynamic cycling, static cycling and conventional exercises in cardiovascular endurance, balance and walking ability in cerebral palsy children.
Materials and Method: A total of 30 subjects were recruited in an experimental pre-post-test study design. Subjects were randomly assigned to 3 different treatment groups. The following outcome measures were measured: resting Heart Rate, 3 Minute Walk Test, GMFM-66, and Pediatric Balance Scale. All the three groups received conventional exercises. The experimental group 1 in addition received dynamic cycling protocol and experimental group 2 received static cycling protocol. The outcome was again evaluated at 6 weeks.
Results: All the 3 groups showed significant pre to post improvement for the entire outcomes measured but GMFM-66. Results of the studied showed more significant improvement in both the cycling groups compared to the control group; Dynamic cycling group showing better response than static cycling group. Though all the groups showed improvement in GMFM-66, the dynamic cycling group showed better improvement followed by control group.
Conclusion: Dynamic cycling incorporated with conventional exercises improves the cardiovascular endurance, balance and functional abilities than conventional exercises only.
KEY WORDS: Cerebral Palsy, Dynamic Cycling, Static Cycling, Balance, Exercise, Walking, Endurance, Ability.  ]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>LOAD EQUIVALENCE OF TRANSIENT DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF EXERCISE ELASTIC TUBES USED IN PHYSIOTHERAPY REHABILITATION AND FITNESS TRAINING PROGRAMS  </title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:33 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.160.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[R.Vinodh Rajkumar.
Abstract: Introduction: Exercise elastic tubes (EET) have been used in Fitness training and Physiotherapy rehabilitation programs. Although we have practically felt the behavior of different levels of elastic resistance devices but the exact amount of opposing force they produce are not well understood, hence this lack of knowledge can reduce the quality of exercise prescriptions. Based on the findings of simple experiments done with EET, this article unfolds the scope for inexpensively studying the load equivalence (in kilograms) of different levels of EET for refined physiotherapy rehabilitation and fitness training practices.
Materials and Methods: The objective of this experiment was to understand the lengthening and thickness deformation behavior of EET using different loads so that the load equivalency of a particular elongation or lengthening effect can be used in refining the exercise prescription standards. The changes in length of EET were measured using inch tape whilst the changes in thickness of EET were measured using the vernier caliper.
Results: The data of transient deformation of LEVEL-3 and LEVEL-5 EET in different feasible loading conditions shows strong negative correlation between the thickness and length of EET. The doubling of the original length was obtained with 7.5 Kg load for LEVEL-3 EET and 15 Kg load for LEVEL-5 EET which reflects their resistance level (modulus of elasticity) designed for appropriate strength training programs. Another innovative experiment was also conducted in which two LEVEL-3 EET were subjected together as a composite unit and their response to different loads was also observed and hypothesized as possible behavior of Level-6 EET.
Discussion: The results obviously gives the load equivalence features in kilograms for particular level of elongation of EET instead of merely selecting and applying different levels of EET without knowing how much resistive force they can afford for strength training purposes.
Conclusion: Though an inexpensive method of discovering the load equivalence of EET was discussed throughout
this article, a furthermore safe and sophisticated laboratory to test all available levels of EET is strongly recommended because, if the loaded elastic material ruptures it can sabotage anything around it. 
KEY WORDS: Elastic Tubes, Resistance Bands, Load Equivalence, Thickness And Elongation Of Elastic Tubes,
Elastic Resistance Exercise.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ANALYZE THE EFFECT OF IMPAIRMENT BASED EXERCISE AND RESISTED EXERCISE ON PAIN, FUNCTIONAL TASKS IN INDIVIDUAL WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:28 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.159.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Camy A. Bhagat *1, Paras Bhura 2, Binti Patel 3, Jeemesha Patel 4.
Abstract: Background: Osteoarthritis also known as degenerative joint disease it is a most common form of arthritis and a leading cause of disabilities word wide. Osteoarthritis results from cartilage destruction, progression deterioration of osteoarthritis causes the normally smooth, white, translucent articular cartilage to become dull, yellow, and granular. That exercise provision for patients with knee OA reduces the pain experienced and the functional incapacity suffered by a small to moderate degree.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Impairment based exercises and resisted exercise on pain, functional task in individual with knee OA.
Methods: 30 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomized into three groups: group A (Impairment based exercise)(no of patients 10), group B (Resisted exercises)(no of patients 10), group c (control group) (no of patients 10) for 6 weeks exercise program. The outcome measures were VAS, WOMAC, LEFS.
Result: The experimental group A showed significant more improvement in VAS, LEFS and WOMAC compared with group B and C after intervention. 
Conclusion: Impairment based exercises found to be more effective in improvement of function and reduction of pain in patients with knee OA. 
KEY WORDS: Impairment Based Exercise, Resisted Exercise, Osteoarthritis.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN MAT, SWISS BALL AND THERABAND EXERCISES ON ABDOMINAL GIRTH</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:23 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.158.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Aarti Welling 1, Peeyoosha Nitsure *2.
ABSTRACT:
Background & Objective: Obesity refers to a condition of having excessive amount of body fat. Not only the amount of excess fat needs to be considered but where in the body it is distributed is also of importance. The intra-abdominal fatcarry a greater health risk than that stored elsewhere in the body.  Various exercises have been designed for obesity but in particular the exercises designed for abdomen are using mat, swiss ball and theraband exercises. However, there is dearth in literature as to indicate which of the 3 is better and more effective. Hence, the study was conducted with the objective to study the comparative effect of 5week training program between Mat, Swiss ball and theraband exercises on abdominal girth and skin fold thickness.
Methods: Sixty healthy individual aged18 to 40 years were randomly assigned to all of 3 groups. Mat(n=20), Swiss ball (n=20) and theraband (n=20). Pre and post assessment was done using BMI, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and abdominal skin fold thickness. 
Results: Within group analysis in all the three groups showed statistically significant reduction in all outcome(p<0.001).Between groups analysis showed no significant difference between the 3 groups.
Conclusion: The results reflected that 5 week exercise program on mat, swiss ball and thera band are equally effective in reducing abdominal fat.
KEY WORDS: Obesity, Abdominal Fat, Exercises, Mat, Swiss Ball, Theraband, Diet.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF WRIST WEIGHING IN REDUCING UPPER LIMB TREMORS IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBELLAR LESIONS</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:18 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.157.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Vishnu Priya 1, Rekha K *2.
ABSTRACT: Background: An intentional tremor is one of the most untreated causes in patients with cerebellar ataxia. Upper limb tremors decreases the performance of many activities of daily life Thus treatment of patients with tremor probably implies better functional ability. It is one of the major areas of concern to improve functional independence hence, this study proposed to know the effects of wrist weighing in reducing upper limb tremors in cerebellar injury patients.
Materials and Methods: A total number of 21 patients with various abnormalities of cerebellum were selected depending on selection criteria. These patients were randomly divided into two groups. One group was treated with wrist weighing by using Velcro weight cuffs for 15 minutes along with conventional physiotherapy for 5 days a week for 2 months & other group is treated with conventional physiotherapy for 5 days in a week for 2 months. The objectives were tested by using tremor rating scale and nine hole peg test. The values are collected before and after the treatment
Results: In the group treated with wrist weighing the improvement in the tremor rating scale is very significant (p: 0.0001) and in nine hole peg test is extremely significant (p: 0.0001). In conventional therapy group the improvement in the tremor rating scale is not significant (p: 0.0051) and in nine hole peg test is very significant (p: 0.0002).
Conclusion: Incorporation of wrist weighing along with conventional therapy reduced the intensity of upper limb tremors in patients with cerebellar injuries but both the treatments are effective in improving upper limb functions.
KEY WORDS: Intentional tremor, Rehabilitation, Wrist weighing.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>RELATIONSHIP OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION, EDUCATIONAL STATUS AND QUALITY OF LIFE WITH THE FUNCTIONAL BALANCE IN OLDER ADULTS</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:14 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.156.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Rushikesh K. Joshi.
ABSTRACT:
Background: Balance is a complex construct which is affected by cognition. It is necessary to know the cognitive correlates of functional balance to design necessary interventions for the individuals with balance problems. 
Objectives: To determine the relationship of executive function, educational status and quality of life with the functional balance in older adults.                          
Methodology: 120 healthy elderly subjects were taken for the study based on the inclusion criteria. Following the initial screening, the executive function, educational status and quality of life of the subjects were measured. Executive function performance test was used for measuring executive function. The quality of life was measured using SF36 questionnaire. The functional balance was measured using the berg balance scale and timed up and go test. The relationship among the outcome measure was found out using the Pearson correlation coefficient.
Results: The results of the present study showed that EFPT and BBS are negatively correlated to each other with r-value -0.271. The educational status score showed a low positive correlation with functional balance with r-value 0.358. The quality of life did not show any significant correlation with functional balance.   
Interpretation & Conclusion: Executive function and functional balance showed a low correlation. This means that higher the executive function, better will be the functional balance of the individual. Moreover, educational status also affects the functional balance of the individual. 
KEY WORDS: Elderly population, executive function performance test, short form health survey, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go Test. ]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE OR ACTUALLY IT IS BASELINE SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE?</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:04 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.155.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[R.Vinodh Rajkumar.
Abstract: Blood pressure measuring represents a routine investigation in general medicine.  Nokolai Korotkoff was only 31 years old when he made a short presentation to the Scientific Meeting of the Military Hospital of the Academy on 5 November 1905 concerning an easy non-invasive method of blood pressure (BP) measurement, entitled ‘Concerning the problems of the methods of blood pressure measurement’. If the pressure in the cuff is relieved, blood starts coming through the compressed arterial segment during systole and causes auscultatory sound and, the first sound, which, in Korotkoff’s opinion, is a measurement of systolic blood pressure. In the same BP measurement, when normal blood flow is fully restored, the auscultatory sounds disappear and, the last sound, which, in Korotkoff's opinion is a measurement of diastolic blood pressure. Listening to Korotkoff sounds (K-sounds) to determine systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) has been the standard for noninvasive BP measurement in medical practices for nearly 100 years and it is the essential tool used for evaluation and assessment of patients with hypertension and risks of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) by physicians and nurses despite limited understanding of the nature of K-sounds. This article focuses particularly on the cardiovascular biomechanics of the first and last auscultatory sound and suggests two new terminologies; Highest systolic blood pressure and Baseline systolic blood pressure to represent the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure, respectively. Experimenting blood pressures on the basis of these two new suggested terminologies may reveal various additional undiscovered aspects of normal BP and abnormal BP.
KEY WORDS: Highest systolic blood pressure, Baseline systolic blood pressure, Korotkoff sounds]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECTS OF NEURAL MOBILIZATION IN POSTERIOR MYOFASCIAL CHAIN FLEXIBILITY IN NORMAL SUBJECTS</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:15:00 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.140.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Stuti Sharma 1, Shiv Kumar Verma 2, Vaibhav Agarwal 3.
Abstract: Aims and objectives: The aim of this research is to see the effectiveness of neural mobilization on posterior myofascial chain flexibility.
Methodology: Samples of 70 subjects were recruited for the study. Pre mobilization readings for finger floor distance, tibiotarsal angle and finger floor grades were taken for each individual, after whom slump mobilization was given and post mobilization readings were again taken in the same sequence after mobilization.
Results: Both finger floor distance and grades were significantly changed, while tibiotarsal angle showed no significant difference.
Discussion: Neural mobilization tries to restore the nervous system’s movement and elasticity, rehabilitating its normal functions by relieving the tensions in the muscular chains thereby increasing its flexibility.
Conclusion: This study concludes that neural mobilization can improve posterior myofascial chain flexibility.
KEY WORDS: Myofascial Chain, Neural Mobilization, Slump, Flexibility.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EFFECT OF IMPAIREMENT-BASED KALTENBORN TECHNIQUE FOR PLANTAR FASCIITIS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:14:56 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.154.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Anand B Heggannavar *1, Swathi Kandada 2.
Abstract: 
Relevance: Plantar fasciitis, the most common cause of heel pain, is due to repetitive strain injury to the medial arch and the heel, causing functional disabilities. Any biomechanical alteration in the lower extremity has its effect on plantar fascia. Kaltenborn mobilization techniques have been proved effective in improving the range of motion of the affected joints. There is a need to evaluate these techniques in plantar fasciitis by treating whole lower extremity.
Participants: 20 subjects with the mean age (23.80±2.71) with primary heel pain are recruited in the study. 
Method: Subjects of randomized controlled trial were randomly allocated into two groups, Group A (n=10) received therapeutic ultrasound, stretching’s and exercises and Group B ( n=10 ) received therapeutic ultra sound, Kaltenborn mobilizations to the affected joints of lower extremity, stretching and exercises. The outcome measures are visual analogue scale ( VAS ), foot function index ( FFI ) and range of motion measured by Goniometer assessed on day 1 pre-treatment and day 12 post treatment. 
Analysis: It was done using Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon matched pairs test using SPSS software.
Results: The intra-group mean differences in pre and post values for group-A are 1.80±2.39, 2.50±2.64, 3.40±1.84, and 19.75±8.16 for ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, VAS and FFI respectively, and in group-B are 1.00±2.11, 10.50±8.32, 4.70±0.67and 28.07±8.26 for ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, VAS and FFI respectively. The intra-group comparison had shown statistical significance with p<0.05 and whereas in between comparison group-B had shown better improvement than group-A.
Conclusion: Kaltenborn mobilizations along with therapeutic ultrasound, stretches and exercises have shown better improvement compared to the control group.
KEY WORDS: Kaltenborn mobilizations, plantar fasciitis, impairment-based.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>EVALUATION OF COMPONENTS OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN INDIAN PHYSIOTHERAPY STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:14:50 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.152.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Renu B. Pattanshetty *, Ceona Chopde.
ABSTRACT: Background and Objectives: Energy expenditure (EE) is the total energy cost of maintaining homeostasis. Therefore, it is important to adjust the individual’s nutritional supply and physical activities. Numerous studies suggest evaluation of energy expenditure in various Caucasian and few studies in Asian population. However there is dearth of literature relating to evaluation of components of energy expenditure in Indian physiotherapy student population. Hence, the present study was taken up to evaluate EE in terms of basal metabolic rate, resting metabolic rate, thermic effect of exercise, total daily calorie expenditure in Indian physiotherapy students and to find the correlation between anthropometric measurements and components of EE.
Materials and methodology: A total of 100 Physiotherapy students who participated were subjected to anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist-hip ratio). Energy expenditure was calculated using Harris-Benedict’s and Mifflin’s equation. RMR and TEE were also calculated as per FAO guidelines. 
Results: Miffin’s equation demonstrated statistically significant differences (p<0.001) between normal, overweight and obese students. However, using Harris Benedict equation showed no statistically difference (p=0.164) between overweight and obese group.  Also when compared Miffin to gold standard equation (i.e Harris Benedict),it was found that Miffin was more accurate among nonobese students. RMR, TEE and TDCE (r=0.677, r=0.512, r=0.609) respectively were highly significant (p≤0.05) when compared between normal BMI, overweight and obese students. There was a positive correlation between the components of EE and the anthropometric measurements 
Conclusion: This pilot study concludes that Miffin’s equation demonstrated a strong positive correlation among all the three groups as compared to Harris Benedict equation and may be considered as an accurate equation among all the three groups in Indian physiotherapy student population. 
KEY WORDS:  Energy expenditure, Harris-Benedict, Miffin’s equation, Thermic effect of exercise (TEE), Body mass index, Waist-hip ratio, Obesity.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>STANDING LONG JUMP THEOREM: AN ACCIDENTAL DISCOVERY</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:14:39 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.151.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[R. Vinodh Rajkumar.
Abstract: Introduction: Assessment of the jumping ability and prescription of jump tasks are integrated in the field of fitness training and physiotherapy rehabilitation. Different kinds of researches on jump analysis have been pursued to gain in-depth knowledge about the kinetics and kinematics of jump biomechanics, in particular, the standing long jump. Standing long jumps can be tested or performed in various ways with alterations in direction of jump (forward, sideward and backward) and leg participation (single leg, double leg). The objective of this article is to share the reports of three types of standing long jump tests conducted for fitness evaluation of clientele; Single Leg Forward Jump (SLFJ), Double Leg Side Jump (DLSJ) and Double Leg Forward Jump (DLFJ), and discuss the accidentally observed trigonometric relationships between these jumps. 
Methodology: The data of three types of standing long jump were collected from 10 subjects (males = 7, females = 3) who have been exercising at least 2 - 3 times per week since last six months and they also belonged to different countries like India, Australia, Spain and Israel. All the subjects were allowed to jump with shoes on and all the jumps were done on wooden flooring with a height scale (measuring 0 to 205 cm) kept horizontal to mark the point of take-off and landing. A minimum of three chances were given for each jump and strong verbal encouragement was given to extract the best jumps from the subjects because the best jumps were taken for statistical analyses. After gathering the jump performance data, efforts were made to establish possible unexplored links between these three types of standing long jumps.
Results: A surprising trigonometric relationship between SLFJ, DLSJ and DLFJ was an unexpected finding and accordingly, a formula was devised on the basis of Pythagorean theorem; DLFJ = √ (mean DLSJ2 + mean SLFJ2).  Pearson correlation coefficient test was done to understand the degree of relationship between this formula-projected DLFJ and actual DLFJ displayed by the subjects, through which it was found that  
 r = 0.9987. 
Conclusion: The theorem for standing long jump introduced by this study using an inexpensive technique has been shown highly positively correlating with actual double leg standing long jumps. This theorem can be stated as ‘double leg forward standing long jump is equal to or almost equal to the square root of the sum of the squares of standing side jumps (mean of right and left side jumps) and single leg forward standing long jump (mean of right and left single leg forward jumps)’. This study will continue to explore the deeper interconnections of different types of single leg and double leg jumps to contribute further advanced insights to the field of biomechanics and exercise.
KEY WORD: Theorem for standing long jump, Standing long jump, Side jump.]]></description>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>A STUDY TO FIND THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SIX MINUTES WALK DISTANCE AND BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL IN DIABETIC PATIENTS</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 11 Aug 2015 22:11:41 +0800</pubDate>
      <link>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr.3.4/IJPR.2015.150.pdf</link>
      <author>editor_physiotherapy@hotmail.com</author>
      <comments>http://www.ijmhr.org/ijpr_contact.html</comments>
      <category>Science, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation  </category>
      <description><![CDATA[Swadita Dinakar *1, S. Sridevi 2. 
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Physical activity has been recommended for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM ) as it  provides enormous physiological benefits  by reducing  the  risk factors for development of complications, improves blood glucose control, overall health and  quality of life. Formulation of an individualized exercise prescription based on exercise capacity and baseline plasma glucose levels is mandatory, as an exercise intensity which is considered moderate for one might turn out to be extremely rigorous for another patient with T2DM.
Materials and Methods: The relationship between 6 minute walk test (6MWT) & some correlates of T2DM was investigated in order to formulate an exercise prescription. This observational study of 102 T2DM patients from whom an informed consent was obtained, was conducted at the diabetic clinic of Sri Ramachandra medical college and research institute. The patients were instructed and made to perform a 6MWT according to ATS guidelines. The measurements included the 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) for exercise capacity and the T2DM correlates including age, gender, fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, HbA1C, duration of diabetes, BMI and waist hip ratio (WHR).
Results: The relationships between the parameters were determined using Pearson’s correlation coefficient at a significance level of  0.05. The participants consisted of 55 males (53.1%) & 47 females (46.1%). The mean 6MWD for males was 353.73±53.750mts & females was 317.55±58.037mts.The 6MWD correlated significantly (P < 0.05) with  fasting blood glucose [r = -0.319] , post prandial blood glucose (r = -0.320), HbA1C(r = -0.381), BMI(r = -0.378), while the 6MWD didn’t show a correlation (P >0.05) with WHR (r = 0.191 (females),r=-0.058 (males),duration of diabetes (r = -0.020) and age( r = -0.112).
Conclusion: Thus low exercise capacity in patients with T2DM was associated with higher adiposity & poor glycaemic control. Therefore these factors should be given consideration when prescribing exercises for patients with T2DM in order to ensure safety and efficiency of the exercise session.
KEY WORDS:  Diabetes Mellitus, 6MWD, Fasting Blood Glucose, Waist Hip Ratio, HbA1C.]]></description>
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