{"id":3163,"date":"2026-06-05T03:57:49","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T03:57:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/?page_id=3163"},"modified":"2026-06-05T03:57:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T03:57:49","slug":"ijar-2026-119","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2026-119","title":{"rendered":"IJAR.2026.119"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-row\"><div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/ijar.14.2\/IJAR.2026.119.pdf\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#6b0e00;border-color:#560c00;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;border-color:#98574d;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;text-shadow:none;-moz-text-shadow:none;-webkit-text-shadow:none\"><i class=\"sui sui-cloud-download\" style=\"font-size:13px;color:#FFFFFF\"><\/i> DOWNLOAD PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ijmhr.org\/ijar-vol-14-2.htm\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#6b0e00;border-color:#560c00;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;border-color:#98574d;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;text-shadow:none;-moz-text-shadow:none;-webkit-text-shadow:none\"><i class=\"sui sui-book\" style=\"font-size:13px;color:#FFFFFF\"><\/i> Table of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Type of Article:<\/strong> \u00a0Original Research<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Volume 14; Issue 2 (June<\/strong><strong>\u00a02026)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Page No.:<\/strong> 9504-9510<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2026.119<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Estimation of Human Stature Among North Indian Population Using Palpable Percutaneous Landmarks of Upper Limb<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Nisha Goyal *<sup>1<\/sup>, Shivani Choudhary <sup>2<\/sup>, Amanpreet Singh Sidhu <sup>3<\/sup>, Prachi S Aneja <sup>4<\/sup>, Susmita Saha <sup>5<\/sup>, Monika Gupta <sup>6<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>*1 <\/sup>Professor, Department of Anatomy, Adesh Institute of Medical Science and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India. <strong>ORCiD:<\/strong> 0000-0001-6872-9963<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>2 <\/sup>Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Manipal Tata Medical College Jamshedpur, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. <strong>ORCiD:<\/strong> 0009-0000-2376-3711<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>3 <\/sup>Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Adesh Institute of Medical Science and Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India. <strong>ORCiD:<\/strong> \u00a0\u00a00009-0004-7138-8142<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>4 <\/sup>Professor, Department of Anatomy, SGT Medical College &amp; Research Institute, Budhera, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. <strong>ORCiD:<\/strong> \u00a00000-0002-1060-564X<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>5 <\/sup>Professor, Department of Anatomy, SGT Medical College &amp; Research Institute, Budhera, Gurgaon, Haryana, India. <strong>ORCiD:<\/strong> 0009-0002-7373-6089<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>6 <\/sup>Professor, Department of Anatomy, Adesh Institute of Medical Science &amp; Research, Bathinda, Punjab, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Corresponding author: <\/strong>Nisha Goyal, Professor, Department of Anatomy, Adesh Institute of Medical Science &amp; Research, Bathinda, India Mobile: +91 9991359932 <strong>E-Mail:<\/strong> <em>anilnishagarg@gmail.com<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong>: There is a paucity of data regarding stature estimation using the upper limb bone length in North Indian population. The present study was conducted around the National capital region to develop a regression analysis-based formula to calculate the stature from the upper limb measurements.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Materials and methods<\/strong>: The study enrolled 1000 healthy participants after written informed consent (500 male and 500 female) of age group between 18\u201330 years between January 2025 to December 2025. The participants were undergraduate students of SGT University, Gurugram (Haryana). Length of the long bones and height of the participants were recorded percutaneously using a stadiometer. A linear regression model was used to estimate the extent of reliable prediction of the stature from the measurements of the bone length for all three bones.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Results<\/strong>: The mean height of male was 173.5cm and the mean height for female was 163.4cm. In both males and females, the lengths for humerus, radius and ulna were positively correlated with the stature on both sides and they were statistically significant. The standardized beta for humerus, radius and ulna were 0.343, 0.089 and 0.401 respectively. Using the regression model, stature equation was derived as 38.564+ 1.386 x (Length of Humerus) + 0.559 x (Length of Radius) + 2.710 x (Length of Ulna).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Conclusions<\/strong>: The value of standardized beta shows that the length of ulna serves as the most reliable and consistent parameter for estimation of stature among the North Indian population.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Regression Analysis, Stature Estimation, Long Bones, Upper Limb, Humerus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[1]. Akhlaghi M, Hajibeygi M, Zamani N, Moradi B. Estimation of stature from upper limb anthropometry in Iranian population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2012 Jul;19(5):280-4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2011.12.034<br \/>PMid:22687769<br \/>[2]. Gul H, Mansor Nizami S, Khan MA. Estimation of Body Stature Using the Percutaneous Length of Ulna of an Individual. Cureus. 2020 Jan 8;12(1):e6599. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.6599<br \/>[3]. Ahmed AA. Stature estimation for Saudi men based on different combinations of upper limb part dimensions. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 May 14;100(19):e25840.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000025840<br \/>PMid:34106624 PMCid:PMC8133034<br \/>[4]. Anastopoulou I, Karakostis FA, Moraitis K. A Reliable Regression-Based Approach for Reassociating Human Skeletal Elements of the Lower Limbs from Commingled Assemblages. J Forensic Sci. 2019 Mar;64(2):502-506. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1556-4029.13884<br \/>PMid:30102760<br \/>[5]. Jha A, Yadav Y, Sharma S, Kumar S, Tyagi PK. Gender-Based Estimation of Physical Stature Using Percutaneous Lengths of Two Adult Long Bones in a North Indian Population. Cureus. 2025;17(12):e99744. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.99744<br \/>[6]. Singla K, Malik AK, Nimesh R. Estimation of Stature from Percutaneous Length of Humerus: A Research Study. Journal of Indian Academy of Forensic Medicine. 2026;48(1):<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09710973261416563<br \/>[7]. Viqar A, Khanna M. Estimation of stature from femur length in north Indian male population. Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine. 2018;5(3):153-156.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18231\/2394-6776.2018.0034<br \/>[8]. Gautam AK, Purkait R. Estimation of Stature from Percutaneous Upper Limb Measurements in the North Indian Population. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. 2024;18(4):41-47. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37506\/qsgtn436<br \/>[9]. Kaur M, Mahajan A, Khurana BS, Arora AK, Batra APS. Estimation of Stature from Upper Arm Length in North Indians &#8211; An Anthropometric Study. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences. 2011;1(4):151-154.<br \/>[10]. Mello-Gentil T, Souza-Mello V. Contributions of anatomy to forensic sex estimation: focus on head and neck bones. Forensic Sci Res. 2021 Jul 1;7(1):11-23. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20961790.2021.1889136<br \/>PMid:35341126 PMCid:PMC8942509<br \/>[11]. Wiersema JM. Evolution of Forensic Anthropological Methods of Identification. Acad Forensic Pathol. 2016 Sep;6(3):361-369. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23907\/2016.038<br \/>PMid:31239912 PMCid:PMC6474555<br \/>[12]. Sarma A, Das G C, Barman B, et al. An Anatomical Study on the Measurement of Stature From Ulnar Length in the Adult Ethnic Khasi Tribal Population of the North Eastern Region of India. Cureus. 2022;14(2): e22088. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.22088<br \/>[13]. Barbosa, V., Stratton, R., Lafuente, E. et al. Ulna length to predict height in English and Portuguese patient populations. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012;66:209-215.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ejcn.2011.177<br \/>PMid:21989325<br \/>[14]. Patel SM, Shah GV, Patel SV: Estimation of height from measurements of foot length in Gujarat region. J Anat Soc India. 2007;56:25-7.<br \/>[15]. Krishan K. Individualizing characteristics of footprints in Gujjars of North India&#8211;forensic aspects. Forensic Sci Int. 2007 Jul 4;169(2-3):137-44. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2006.08.006<br \/>PMid:16965880<br \/>[16]. Kim W, Kim YM, Yun MH. Estimation of stature from hand and foot dimensions in a Korean population. J Forensic Leg Med. 2018 Apr;55:87-92. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jflm.2018.02.011<br \/>PMid:29474990<br \/>[17]. Supare MS, Bagul AS, Pandit SV, Jadhav JS. Estimation of Stature from Arm Span in Medical Students of Maharashtra, India. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2015;5(3):218-21. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2141-9248.157516<br \/>PMid:26097765 PMCid:PMC4455013<br \/>[18]. Hariharan, Dharma PK, Hosaholalu LR, SinghMB, Kumar A. Stature estimation by ulnar length in medical students of Tamil ethnicity using linear regression analysis in a tertiary care hospital, Chennai. Journal of Punjab Academy of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. 2025;25:26-31.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5958\/0974-083X.2025.00004.7<br \/>[19]. Mahakkanukrauh P, Khanpetch P, Prasitwattanseree S, Vichairat K, Troy Case D. Stature estimation from long bone lengths in a Thai population. Forensic Sci Int. 2011 Jul 15;210(1-3):279.e1-7. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2011.04.025<br \/>PMid:21616616<br \/>[20]. Mahakizadeh S, -Ghoroghi FM, Moshkdanian G, Mokhtari T, Hassanzadeh G. The determination of correlation between stature and upper limb and hand measurements in Iranian adults. Forensic Sci Int. 2016 Mar;260:27-30. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.12.005<br \/>PMid:26795396<br \/>[21]. Boonthai W, Srisen K, Poodendaen C, Phetnui P, Unsri S, Iamsaard S, Hazarika M, Duangchit S. Population-specific equations for stature estimation using forearm bones: insights from Northeastern Thailand&#8217;s diverse ethnic landscape. Anthropologischer Anzeiger. 2025;82:225-232.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1127\/anthranz\/2024\/1854<br \/>PMid:39663886<br \/>[22]. Mehta AA, Mehta AA, Gajbhiye VM, Verma S. Estimation of Stature from Ulna. Int J Anat Res 2015;3(2):1156-1158. <br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2015.185<br \/>[23]. Pandeya A, Atreya A. Estimation of Stature from Percutaneous Hand Length Among the Students of a Medical College. J Nepal Med Assoc. 2018;56(211):687-690.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31729\/jnma.3624<br \/>[24]. Pandey A, Radhika PM, Shetty S. Estimation of Human Stature from Length of Ulna in Indian Population. Int J Anat Res 2017;5(1):3350-3353.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2016.473<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n\t\t\t <div class=\"promo1\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7; border-color: #6b0e00 #e8e6e6 #e8e6e6;\">\n             \t <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Cite this article:<\/strong><\/span> Nisha Goyal, Shivani Choudhary, Amanpreet Singh Sidhu, Prachi S Aneja, Susmita Saha, Monika Gupta. Estimation of Human Stature Among North Indian Population Using Palpable Percutaneous Landmarks of Upper Limb. Int J Anat Res 2026;14(2):9504-9510. <strong>DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>10.16965\/ijar.2026.119\u00a0 \n             <\/div>\t\n\t\t\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Type of Article: \u00a0Original Research Volume 14; Issue 2 (June\u00a02026) Page No.: 9504-9510 DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2026.119 Estimation of Human Stature Among North Indian Population Using Palpable Percutaneous Landmarks of Upper Limb Nisha Goyal *1, Shivani Choudhary 2, Amanpreet Singh Sidhu 3, Prachi S Aneja 4, Susmita Saha 5, Monika Gupta 6. *1 Professor, Department of Anatomy, Adesh<br \/><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2026-119\">+ Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3163"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3163"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3163\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3171,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3163\/revisions\/3171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}