{"id":3093,"date":"2025-09-04T01:01:47","date_gmt":"2025-09-04T01:01:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/?page_id=3093"},"modified":"2025-09-04T01:01:47","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T01:01:47","slug":"ijar-2025-201","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2025-201","title":{"rendered":"IJAR.2025.201"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-row\"><div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/ijar.13.3\/IJAR.2025.201.pdf\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#6b0e00;border-color:#560c00;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;border-color:#98574d;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;text-shadow:none;-moz-text-shadow:none;-webkit-text-shadow:none\"><i class=\"sui sui-cloud-download\" style=\"font-size:13px;color:#FFFFFF\"><\/i> DOWNLOAD PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ijmhr.org\/ijar-vol-13-3.htm\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#6b0e00;border-color:#560c00;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;border-color:#98574d;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;text-shadow:none;-moz-text-shadow:none;-webkit-text-shadow:none\"><i class=\"sui sui-book\" style=\"font-size:13px;color:#FFFFFF\"><\/i> Table of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Type of Article:<\/strong> \u00a0Original Research<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Volume 13; Issue 3 (September 2025)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Page No.:<\/strong> 9306-9313<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2025.201<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">Automated Classification of Normal Histological Tissues Using Convolution neural network: A ResNet-50-Based Educational Tool<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong style=\"color: initial; font-size: 18px;\">Haripriya <sup>1<\/sup>, Sharad Gavhane <sup>2<\/sup>, K.Vijayakumar *<sup>3<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College &amp; Research Institute (SRMC &amp; RI), Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. <strong>ORCiD: <\/strong>https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6136-7576<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>2<\/sup> Medical officer Department of General Medicine, Symbiosis Medical College and hospital (SUHRC), Symbiosis International (Deemed) University (SIU) Pune, Maharashtra, India. <strong>ORCiD: <\/strong>https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6627-4560<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>*3 <\/sup>Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Symbiosis Medical College for Women &amp; Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India. <strong>ORCiD: <\/strong>https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3032-8974<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Corresponding Author:<\/strong> Dr. \u00a0K. Vijayakumar, Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Symbiosis Medical College for Women &amp; Symbiosis University Hospital and Research Centre, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India. Mobile: 9940695046 <strong>E-Mail:<\/strong> kvijay.india@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Background:<\/strong> The process of identifying histological slides is an essential part of medical education and pathology. AI tools can perform a decent job in radiology and dermatopathology, but the gap for fully automated, multi-class histological tissue classification is significant for teaching and learning purposes.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Aim: <\/strong>To create and validate a deep learning system developed on 13 categories of normal human fine tissue using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to aid in extended histology education and non-diagnostic digital pathology.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Methods: <\/strong>This is a developmental diagnostic accuracy study with an experimental computational design. A total of 3250 high-resolution, expert-annotated images depicting 13 different normal histological tissue types. Training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%) sets were split from the dataset. The remaining methods fine-tuned three CNN architectures: ResNet-50, \u2002EfficientNet-B0, and MobileNetV2.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Results:<\/strong> The performance results ranking for ResNet-50 was better overall among the three models, with an overall accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score of 94. 2%, 93. 8%, 93. 5%, and 93. 6% in the test set, respectively. The accuracies of EfficientNet-B0 and MobileNetV2 were 91.7% and 89.3%, respectively.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong> The proposed ResNet-50-based CNN model has high accuracy in diagnosing normal histological tissues and can be a useful training tool for medical and paramedical students. This study fills a crucial void by offering an automated, scalable, and explainable system for histological image classification, with a high potential for integration into digital learning devices.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Histology, Deep Learning, ResNet-50, Convolutional Neural Networks, Digital Pathology, Medical Education<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">[1]. Ball CS. The Early History of the Compound Microscope. Bios. 1966;37(2):51-60.<br \/>[2]. Wills M. The Evolution of the Microscope [Internet]. JSTOR Daily. 2018.<br \/>[3]. Pallua JD, Brunner A, Zelger B, Schirmer M, Haybaeck J. The future of pathology is digital. Pathol Res Pract. 2020 Sep;216(9):153040.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.prp.2020.153040<br \/>PMid:32825928<br \/>[4]. Al-Janabi S, Huisman A, Van Diest PJ. Digital pathology: current status and future perspectives. Histopathology. 2012;61(1):1-9.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2011.03814.x<br \/>PMid:21477260<br \/>[5]. Ahmed AA, Abouzid M, Kaczmarek E. Deep Learning Approaches in Histopathology. Cancers. 2022 Oct 26;14(21):5264.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers14215264<br \/>PMid:36358683 PMCid:PMC9654172<br \/>[6]. El-Sherif DM, Abouzid M, Elzarif MT, Ahmed AA, Albakri A, Alshehri MM. Telehealth and Artificial Intelligence Insights into Healthcare during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare. 2022 Feb 18;10(2):385.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare10020385<br \/>PMid:35206998 PMCid:PMC8871559<br \/>[7]. Fuchs TJ, Buhmann JM. Computational pathology: challenges and promises for tissue analysis. Comput Med Imaging Graph. 2011;35(7-8):515-30.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2011.02.006<br \/>PMid:21481567<br \/>[8]. Louis DN, Feldman M, Carter AB, Dighe AS, Pfeifer JD, Bry L, et al. Computational Pathology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2016 Jan;140(1):41-50.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5858\/arpa.2015-0093-SA<br \/>PMid:26098131 PMCid:PMC4996078<br \/>[9]. Kulikowski CA, Shortliffe EH, Currie LM, Elkin PL, Hunter LE, Johnson TR, et al. AMIA Board white paper: definition of biomedical informatics and specification of core competencies for graduate education in the discipline. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2012;19(6):931-8.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/amiajnl-2012-001053<br \/>PMid:22683918 PMCid:PMC3534470<br \/>[10]. Prewitt JMS, Mendelsohn ML. The Analysis Of Cell Images. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2006 ;128(3):1035-53.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1965.tb11715.x<br \/>PMid:5220765<br \/>[11]. Zhang Y, Ouyang Z, Zhao H. A statistical framework for data integration through graphical models with application to cancer genomics. The Annals of Applied Statistics. 2017 Mar 1;11(1).<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/16-AOAS998<br \/>[12]. Li W, Li J, Sarma KV, Ho KC, Shen S, Knudsen BS, et al. Path R-CNN for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Gleason Grading of Histological Images. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. 2019 Apr;38(4):945-54.14.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMI.2018.2875868<br \/>PMid:30334752 PMCid:PMC6497079<br \/>[13]. LeCun Y, Bagnio Y, Hinton G. Deep Learning. Nature. 2015 May;521(7553):436-44.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature14539<br \/>PMid:26017442<br \/>[14]. Syrykh C, Abreu A, Amara N, Siegfried A, Maisongrosse V, Frenois FX, et al. Accurate diagnosis of lymphoma on whole-slide histopathology images using deep learning. npj Digital Medicine. 2020 May 1;3(1).<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-020-0272-0<br \/>PMid:32377574 PMCid:PMC7195401<br \/>[15]. Esteva A, Chou K, Yeung S, Naik N, Madani A, Mottaghi A, et al. Deep learning-enabled medical computer vision. npj Digit Med. 2021 Jan 8;4(1):1-9.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-020-00376-2<br \/>PMid:33420381 PMCid:PMC7794558<br \/>[16]. Coudray N, Ocampo PS, Sakellaropoulos T, Narula N, Snuderl M, Feny\u00f6 D, et al. Classification and mutation prediction from non-small cell lung cancer histopathology images using deep learning. Nat Med. 2018 Oct;24(10):1559-67.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0177-5<br \/>PMid:30224757 PMCid:PMC9847512<br \/>[17]. Dercle L, McGale J, Sun S, Marabelle A, Yeh R, Deutsch E, et al. Artificial intelligence and radiomics: fundamentals, applications, and challenges in immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer. 2022 Sep;10(9):e005292.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2022-005292<br \/>PMid:36180071 PMCid:PMC9528623<br \/>[18]. Campanella G, Hanna MG, Geneslaw L, Miraflor A, Werneck Krauss Silva V, Busam KJ, et al. Clinical-grade computational pathology using weakly supervised deep learning on whole slide images. Nature Medicine [Internet]. 2019 Aug 1;25(8):1301-9.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-019-0508-1<br \/>PMid:31308507 PMCid:PMC7418463<br \/>[19]. Madani A, Ong JR, Tibrewal A, Mofrad MRK. Deep echocardiography: data-efficient supervised and semi-supervised deep learning towards automated diagnosis of cardiac disease. NPJ Digit Med. 2018;1:59.<br \/>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-018-0065-x<br \/>PMid:31304338 PMCid:PMC6550282<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n\t\t\t <div class=\"promo1\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7; border-color: #6b0e00 #e8e6e6 #e8e6e6;\">\n             \t <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Cite this article:<\/strong><\/span> M. Haripriya, Sharad Gavhane, K.Vijayakumar. Automated Classification of Normal Histological Tissues Using Convolution neural network: A ResNet-50-Based Educational Tool. Int J Anat Res 2025;13(3):9306-9313. <strong>DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>10.16965\/ijar.2025.201\u00a0 \n             <\/div>\t\n\t\t\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Type of Article: \u00a0Original Research Volume 13; Issue 3 (September 2025) Page No.: 9306-9313 DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2025.201 Automated Classification of Normal Histological Tissues Using Convolution neural network: A ResNet-50-Based Educational Tool Haripriya 1, Sharad Gavhane 2, K.Vijayakumar *3. 1 Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College &amp; Research Institute (SRMC &amp; RI), Sri Ramachandra Institute<br \/><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2025-201\">+ Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3093"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3093"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3093\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3102,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3093\/revisions\/3102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}