{"id":2011,"date":"2019-08-12T15:48:04","date_gmt":"2019-08-12T15:48:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/?page_id=2011"},"modified":"2019-08-12T15:48:04","modified_gmt":"2019-08-12T15:48:04","slug":"ijar-2019-241","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2019-241","title":{"rendered":"IJAR.2019.241"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Type of Article:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Original Research<\/h3>\n

Volume 7; Issue 3.2 (August 2019)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Page No.:<\/strong>\u00a06851-6858<\/h3>\n

DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2019.241<\/h3>\n

NON-GENETIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE INCIDENCE OF NON SYNDROMIC CLEFTS IN THE CRANIOFACIAL REGION<\/h3>\n

Betty Anna Jose *1<\/sup>, Varsha Mokhasi 2<\/sup>, S A Subramani 3<\/sup>, M Shashirekha 4<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

*1 <\/sup>Associate Professor in Anatomy, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Professor in Anatomy, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n

3 <\/sup>Professor in Plastic Surgery, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n

4 <\/sup>Professor in Anatomy, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n

Address for Correspondence: <\/strong>Dr Betty Anna Jose, Associate Professor in Anatomy,\u00a0 Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Bangalore-560066, Karnataka, India. contact no. 9845874881 E-Mail: <\/strong>bettyannacj@gmail.com<\/p>\n

ABSTRACT:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Background: <\/strong>The multifactorial etiology of clefts includes both genetic\u00a0 and environmental factors. Many studies were conducted to identify the genetic basis of the etiology of clefts and effect of\u00a0 maternal folic acid intake in reducing the risk of clefts.. Not many studies conducted about other environmental factors causing clefts. The present study is to find out the non-genetic factors associated with the nonsyndromic\u00a0 clefts. The maternal periconceptional\u00a0 intake of\u00a0 folic acid, family history, parental age, socioeconomic status, parental alcoholism and smoking,\u00a0 and parental occupational exposure are the factors included in the study.<\/p>\n

Materials and methods: <\/strong>The study group comprised 400 subjects with 200 Nonsyndromic cleft cases and 200 healthy controls from\u00a0 the South Indian population. The data was collected in a \u00a0detailed questionnaire by direct interview and\u00a0 analyzed the data using SPSS version 21. Logistic regression model was used to measure the odds ratio(OR)\u00a0 for the independent variables and Chi- square analysis was\u00a0\u00a0 performed to find out the significance.<\/p>\n

Results:<\/strong> The family history of clefts was found in 10.6% cleft cases (p value= 0.001).\u00a0 The risk of cleft was increased in cases with no maternal folic acid intake in their first trimester of pregnancy (p value= 0.001).\u00a0 Parental age more than 35 years (p value= 0.004)\u00a0 and low maternal education (p value= 0.001) were also found as the risk factors to cleft. Low socioeconomic background was another risk factor (p value= 0.001).\u00a0 Parental occupational exposure in terms of pestcidal exposure\u00a0 was found significant but not the parental medication and smoking.<\/p>\n

Conclusion: <\/strong>Maternal consumption of folic acid and multivitamins during the periconceptional\u00a0 period to be assured to\u00a0 prevent the occurrence of oral clefts. Family history of cleft\u00a0 increases the risk of cleft and the risk is further increased when cleft is present in parents or siblings. And maternal age more than 35 years is\u00a0 found more significant than the paternal age . Consanguinity showed 4 fold increase in clefts. Maternal diet is a prime factor as it is directly related to folic acid and vitamin supplementation apart from the socioeconomic status of family.<\/p>\n

Key words:<\/strong> Cleft Lip, Cleft Lip Palate, Cleft\u00a0 Palate, Socioeconomic Status, Non syndromic, Cleft lip\/palate.<\/p>\n

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    \n \t Cite this article:<\/strong><\/span> Betty Anna Jose, Varsha Mokhasi, S A Subramani, M Shashirekha. NON-GENETIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE INCIDENCE OF NON SYNDROMIC CLEFTS IN THE CRANIOFACIAL REGION. Int J Anat Res 2019;7(3.2):6851-6858.\u00a0DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>10.16965\/ijar.2019.241\u00a0 \n <\/div>\t\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Type of Article:\u00a0\u00a0Original Research Volume 7; Issue 3.2 (August 2019) Page No.:\u00a06851-6858 DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2019.241 NON-GENETIC FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO THE INCIDENCE OF NON SYNDROMIC CLEFTS IN THE CRANIOFACIAL REGION Betty Anna Jose *1, Varsha Mokhasi 2, S A Subramani 3, M Shashirekha 4. *1 Associate Professor in Anatomy, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research centre, Bangalore,
    + Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2011"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2011"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2011\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2014,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2011\/revisions\/2014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2011"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}