{"id":1864,"date":"2019-05-05T14:00:32","date_gmt":"2019-05-05T14:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/?page_id=1864"},"modified":"2019-05-05T14:00:32","modified_gmt":"2019-05-05T14:00:32","slug":"ijar-2019-173","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2019-173","title":{"rendered":"IJAR.2019.173"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-row\"><div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/ijar.7.2\/IJAR.2019.173.pdf\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#6b0e00;border-color:#560c00;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;border-color:#98574d;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;text-shadow:none;-moz-text-shadow:none;-webkit-text-shadow:none\"><i class=\"sui sui-cloud-download\" style=\"font-size:13px;color:#FFFFFF\"><\/i> DOWNLOAD PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ijmhr.org\/ijar-vol-7-2.htm\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#6b0e00;border-color:#560c00;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;border-color:#98574d;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;text-shadow:none;-moz-text-shadow:none;-webkit-text-shadow:none\"><i class=\"sui sui-book\" style=\"font-size:13px;color:#FFFFFF\"><\/i> Table of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Type of Article:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Original Research<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Volume 7; Issue 2.2 (May 2019)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Page No.:<\/strong>\u00a06575-6580<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2019.173<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">THE ANATOMICAL STUDY OF MITRAL VALVE ANNULUS IN THE HUMAN CADAVERIC HEARTS FOR BIOPROSTHESIS<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Geethanjali. B.S *<sup>1<\/sup>, Jayanthi V <sup>2<\/sup>, Kavimani <sup>3<\/sup>, Varsha Mokhasi <sup>4<\/sup>, Rajini. T <sup>5<\/sup>, Mohan kumar. H <sup>6<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>*1<\/sup> Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, East point college of medical science &amp; research centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>2 <\/sup>Professor &amp; Dean, Department of anatomy, Sapthagiri medical college &amp; research centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>3<\/sup> Professor, Department of Anatomy, Balagi medical college, Tamil Nadu, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>4<\/sup> Professor\u00a0 &amp; HOD, Department of Anatomy, Vydehi medical college &amp; research centre, Bangalore Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>5<\/sup> Professor, Department of Anatomy, Vydehi medical college &amp; research centre, Bangalore Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>6<\/sup> Professor, Department of ophthalmology, Sri Devaraj Urs medical college, Kolar, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Corresponging Author: <\/strong>Dr.Geethanjali. B.S, Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, East point college of medical science &amp; research centre, Bangalore-560071, Karnataka, India.\u00a0Phone number: 9739444178 <strong>E-Mail:<\/strong> geethamohan76@gmail.com<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>ABSTRACT:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Introduction: <\/strong>The unimpeded forward flow of blood across the mitral orifice depends upon a coordinated interaction between the mitral annulus, leaflets, chordae tendinae &amp; papillary muscle. Knowledge about the normal anatomy of mitral valve annular morphometry is important for assessing the valve pathologies and also in valve replacement surgery for a deceased valve<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Materials and methods: <\/strong>50 heart of embalmed adult human cadaver of both sex aged between 20-70 years were taken from the department of anatomy, VIMS &amp; RC. Parameters measured were annular diameter, circumference, area of mitral valve by using vernier caliper, measuring scale, cotton thread &amp; magnifying lens.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Results:<\/strong> In the present study mean value of mitral valve were, circumference of mitral valve was 8.19\u00b11.01cm in males, 7.76\u00b10.99 cms in females, diameter was 3.10\u00b10.40 cm in males &amp; 3.26\u00b10.48 cm in females, area of mitral valve was 5.45\u00b11.34 cm<sup>2<\/sup><sub>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/sub>in males &amp; 4.89\u00b11.20 cm<sup>2 <\/sup>in females. All the parameters of mitral valve annulus like circumference, diameter &amp; area of valve was more in males except in females the diameter was more. There was no significant difference between male &amp; female values of mitral valve annulus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong> Knowledge of normal measurements of the component parts of the mitral valve is essential for the surgeon during operation to assess the exact mechanical reason for valve insufficiency &amp; in development &amp; manufacture of prostheses for valvuloplasty.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Key words<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Mitral Valve, Annulus, Bioprosthesis, Valve Replacement.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Susan Standring, Neil R Borley, Patricia Collins, Alan R Crossman, Michael A Gatzoulis, Jeremiah C Healy, et al. Gray\u2019s Anatomy, The Anatomical basis of clinical\u00a0\u00a0 40th ed. Elseiver: Churchill Livingstone; 2008;970-972.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Louis A. Du Plessis and Paul Marchand. The Anatomy of the mitral valve and its associated structures. Thorax 1964;19:221-227.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shamim Akthar Cheema, Anjum Jalal, Nazeem Feroze, Jawad Sajid Khan. Dimensions of Mitral Valve of Normal Human Hearts in Pakistani Subjects. Pakistan Heart Journal 1996;29:32-36.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Krishnaiah M, Mrudula C. Morphometric Study of Mitral Valve Orifice an Echocardiographic Study. International Journal Of Pharma and Biosciences 2011;2:181-187.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tei C, Pilgrim JP, Shah PM, Ormiston JA, Wong M. The tricuspid valve annulus: study of size and motion in normal subjects and in patients with tricuspid regurgitation. Circulation 1982;66:665-71.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ilankathir S. A Cadaveric Study on Adult Human Heart Valve Annular Circumference and Its Clinical Significance. 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The mitral complex, interaction of anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the mitral annulus, mitral valve leaflets, chordae tendinae, and papillary\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 American heart Journal 1968;76(3):399-418.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ranganathan N, Lam JHC, Wigle E.D. Morphology of the human mitral valve II. The valve leaflets circulation 1970;41:459-67.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bulkley BH, Roberts W.C. Dilatation of the mitral annulus: a rare cause of mitral regurgitation. Am J Med 1975;59:457-63.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Carpentier A, Guerinon J, Deloche A, Fabiani JN, Relland J. Pathology of the mitral valve. In: Kalmanson D editors. The mitral valve<em>. <\/em>London: Edward Arnold1976;65\u201377.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ormiston J.A., Shah P.M. Tei C, and Wong M et al. Size and motion of the mitral valve annulus in man: 1. A bio-dimensional echocardiographic method and findings in normal subjects. Circulation 1981;64:113.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Datta AK, Mukherjee MM, Ghosh S. Morphology and Morphometry of the mitral valve in normal human heart. Indian Heart Journal 1984;36:6.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Westaby S, Karp RB, Blackstone EH, Bishop SP. Adult human valve dimensions and their surgical significance. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53(4):552-6.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gerda L. Van Rijk &#8211; Zwikker MD, Ben J. Delemarre, M.D., and Hars A. Huysmans M.D. Mitral valve anatomy &amp; Morphology:Relevance to mitral valve replacement &amp; valve reconstruction. J Card Surg 1994;9:255-261.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kouji Chida, Shin-ichiro ohkawa,chizuko watanabe, hiroyuki shimada, kohichiro ohtsubo, Masaya sugiura. A morphological study of normally ageing heart. Cardiovasc Pathol 1994;3(1):1-7.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sakai T, Okita Y, Ueda Y, Tahata T, Ogino H, Matsuyama K, Miki S. Distance between mitral anulus and papillary muscles: anatomic study in normal human hearts. The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 1999;118(4):636-41.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Andrade NMM, Tinois E, Vieira, RW, Braile DM, Petrucci Junior O, Oliveira PPMD, Silveira Filho LD. Coefficient of proportions of the atrioventricular valves- An anatomical study of valvular segments of normal individuals. Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2005;20(3):255-260.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Patil D, Mehta C, Prajapati P. Morphology of Mitral valve in Human cadavers. Internet Journal of Cardiology 2009;7:2.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gupta C, Shetti VR, Manju BVM. Dimensions of the human adult mitral valve in the embalmed cadaver. J.Morphol.Sci 2013;30:6-10.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Senthil kumar B, Anand A. morphometric study of mitral valve in human hearts \u2013 a comparative anatomical study. int j pharm bio sci 2013;4(4):105\u2013110<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kapil Amgain, Sujit Kumar Thakur, Rajendrakumar Dundappa Virupaxi, Daksha Dixit, Suresh Pitambarappa Desai, Mohan Gan. Mitral valve size measurement in North Karnataka by using cardiac sizer: A cadaveric study. Arch Med Health Sci 2013;1:105-8.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Deopujari R, Sinha U, Athavale S A. Anatomy of left atrioventricular valve (mitral valve) leaflets in adult Indian cadavers. Int. J. Morphol2013;31(4):1276-1281.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kibria GM. The Morphometric Measurements of the Gross Structural Changes of Mitral Valve in Valvular Stenosis With or Without Regurgitation. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2014;9(1):07-11<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mishra PP, Rao MP, Paranjape V, Kulkarni JP. Morphometry of Mitral valve. Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil University. 2014;7(5):625-630.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Charanya N, Rajathi G, Vishali N. Morphological And Morphometrical Analysis Of Mitral Valve Annulus Of Heart In Human Adult Cadavers International Journal of Anatomy and Research. Int J Anat Res 2017;5:4405-09.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gunal SA, Farooqui MS, Wabale RN. Study of Mitral Valve in Human Cadaveric Hearts. Heart views 2012;13(4):132\u2013135.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sriambika K, Virender Kumar Nim, Nutan Nalini Bage. Morphological And Morphometric Study Of Mitral Valve With Reference To Anatomical Variability In South Indian Subjects. Int J Anat Res 2018;6(4.3):5994-97.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hamilton DJ. Effect of Chronic Disease of the Valves of the Heart upon the Sound Orifices, the Cavities and the Walls. J Anat Physiol 1888;23(1):40\u201368.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Bezerra AJC, DiDiO LJA, Prates JC. Variations of the area and shape of the left atrioventricular valve and its cusps and leaflets. Surg Radiol Anat 1994;16:277-280.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n\t\t\t <div class=\"promo1\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7; border-color: #6b0e00 #e8e6e6 #e8e6e6;\">\n             \t <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Cite this article:<\/strong><\/span> Geethanjali. B.S, Jayanthi V, Kavimani, Varsha Mokhasi, Rajini. T, Mohan kumar. H. THE ANATOMICAL STUDY OF MITRAL VALVE ANNULUS IN THE HUMAN CADAVERIC HEARTS FOR BIOPROSTHESIS. Int J Anat Res 2019;7(2.2):6575-6580.\u00a0<strong>DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>10.16965\/ijar.2019.173\u00a0 \n             <\/div>\t\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Type of Article:\u00a0\u00a0Original Research Volume 7; Issue 2.2 (May 2019) Page No.:\u00a06575-6580 DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2019.173 THE ANATOMICAL STUDY OF MITRAL VALVE ANNULUS IN THE HUMAN CADAVERIC HEARTS FOR BIOPROSTHESIS Geethanjali. B.S *1, Jayanthi V 2, Kavimani 3, Varsha Mokhasi 4, Rajini. T 5, Mohan kumar. H 6. *1 Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, East point college of<br \/><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2019-173\">+ Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1864"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1864"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1864\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1891,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1864\/revisions\/1891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1864"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}