{"id":1592,"date":"2018-11-04T14:04:38","date_gmt":"2018-11-04T14:04:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/?page_id=1592"},"modified":"2018-11-04T14:04:38","modified_gmt":"2018-11-04T14:04:38","slug":"ijar-2018-365","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2018-365","title":{"rendered":"IJAR.2018.365"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/i> Table of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

Type of Article:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Original Research<\/h3>\n

Volume 6; Issue 4.2 (November 2018)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Page No.:<\/strong>\u00a05873-5877<\/h3>\n

DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2018.365<\/h3>\n

A STUDY OF SACRAL INDEX: A BASIS FOR DETERMINATION OF SEX OF SACRUM<\/h3>\n

Rajapur Parashuram *1<\/sup>, Dakshayani K.R 2<\/sup>, Manjunatha S.N 3<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

*1 <\/sup>Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n

2<\/sup> Professor and HOD, Department of Anatomy, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n

3<\/sup> Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n

Address for Correspondence: <\/strong>Dr. Rajapur Parashuram, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India. E-Mail: <\/strong>drparashuram100@yahoo.com<\/p>\n

ABSTRACT:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Introduction: <\/strong>Sacrum is an important bone for identification of sex in human skeletal system, because the bones of the body are the lasts to perish after death, next to the enamel of teeth. For sex determination of human skeletal remains, sacrum always captured the attention of forensic science experts and anthropologists. Sex determination of a skeleton is a problem of concern to Paleoanthropologists, Paledemographers and Anatomists.<\/p>\n

Materials and Methods: <\/strong>The present study was conducted on 100 fully ossified adult human sacra of known sex (50 male and 50 female), obtained from department of Anatomy, Mysore medical college and research institute, Mysore. Damaged, mutilated, deformed and anomalous sacra were excluded from the study. Sacral index was measured by measuring the length and breadth of individual sacrum with the help of sliding vernier callipers. Observations and Results: <\/strong>The mean maximum length of the sacrum was greater in males (102.68 mm) than in females (91.11mm), and this difference was found statistically significant. But the difference was not significant for mean maximum sacral breadth in male (103.80 mm) and in female (105.57 mm). Mean sacral index in females was greater (116.18%) as compared to that in males (101.26%) and this difference was found statistically significant.<\/p>\n

Conclusion: <\/strong>The present study showed a significant difference among the average male & female sacral indexes and considers sacral index as a valuable parameter in identification of sex. The male & female sacra are classified under (Dolichohieric & Hyplatyhieric) and Platyhieric group respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that sacral index is a reliable criterion for differention between sexes of sacrum that is useful for Anatomists, Anthropologists & Forensic experts.<\/p>\n

Key words:<\/strong> Sacrum, Sacral Index, Sex Determination.<\/p>\n

REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Standring S. Gray\u2019s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice, 41st<\/sup> Ed, Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, London, 2016; P: 1348.<\/li>\n
  2. Narayan Reddy KS, Murty OP. The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 34th<\/sup> Ed, Jaypee brothers medical publishers, New Delhi, 2017; P: 63.<\/li>\n
  3. Stewart TD. Hrdlicka\u2019s Practical Anthropometry, 4th<\/sup> Ed, Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, Philadelphia, 1952; P: 127-132.<\/li>\n
  4. Mishra SR, Singh PJ, Agarwal AK, Gupta RN. Identification of sex of sacrum of Agra region. J Anat. Soc. India. 2003; 52(2):132-136.<\/li>\n
  5. Raju PB, Singh S, Padmanabhan R. Sex determination and sacrum. J Anat Soc India 1980; 30 (1): 13-15.<\/li>\n
  6. Comas J, Charles C. Manual of physical anthropology 1961, Thomas Springfield, Illinois, USA, 1961; P: 415-416.<\/li>\n
  7. Davivongs V. The pelvic girdle of the Australian aborigines- sex differences and sex determination. Am J Phys Anthrop 1963; 21: 443-445.<\/li>\n
  8. Poornima J, Jyothinath K, Shamsunder Rao V. Study of sacral index: Comparison between different regional populations of India and abroad. Int J Anat Res 2014; 2(4):640-644.<\/li>\n
  9. Mamatha H et al. Significance of various sacral measurements in the determination of sex in south Indian population. Int J Cur Res Rev, Oct 2012; 4(20): 112-118<\/li>\n
  10. Patel MM, Gupta BD, Singel TC. Sexing of sacrum by sacral index and kimura\u2019s base-wing index. JIAFM 2005; 27 (1): 5-9<\/li>\n
  11. Ernest J Frazer. The Anatomy of the human skeleton, 4th<\/sup> Ed, J and A Churchill ltd, London, 1948; P: 36.<\/li>\n
  12. Bindra GS, Mohan A. Sacral index: Application in sex determination of sacrum. Int J Sci Stud 2015; 2 (10): 79-81.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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    \n \t Cite this article:<\/strong><\/span> Rajapur Parashuram, Dakshayani K.R, Manjunatha S.N. A STUDY OF SACRAL INDEX: A BASIS FOR DETERMINATION OF SEX OF SACRUM. Int J Anat Res 2018;6(4.2):5873-5877.\u00a0DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>10.16965\/ijar.2018.365\u00a0 \n <\/div>\t\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Type of Article:\u00a0\u00a0Original Research Volume 6; Issue 4.2 (November 2018) Page No.:\u00a05873-5877 DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2018.365 A STUDY OF SACRAL INDEX: A BASIS FOR DETERMINATION OF SEX OF SACRUM Rajapur Parashuram *1, Dakshayani K.R 2, Manjunatha S.N 3. *1 Associate professor, Department of Anatomy, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India. 2 Professor and HOD, Department
    + Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1592"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1592"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1592\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1603,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1592\/revisions\/1603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1592"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}