{"id":1343,"date":"2018-06-05T14:40:17","date_gmt":"2018-06-05T14:40:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/?page_id=1343"},"modified":"2018-06-05T14:41:11","modified_gmt":"2018-06-05T14:41:11","slug":"ijar-2018-188","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2018-188","title":{"rendered":"IJAR.2018.188"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/i> DOWNLOAD PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>
<\/i> Table of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n

Type of Article:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Original Research<\/h3>\n

Volume 6; Issue 2.3 (June 2018)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Page No.:<\/strong>\u00a05288-5293<\/h3>\n

DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2018.188<\/h3>\n

EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PROGESTERONE (NORETHISTERONE) ON HUMAN CHROMOSOMES: A CYTOGENETIC STUDY FROM INDIA<\/h3>\n

Anjankar Sumedha 1<\/sup>, Anjankar S.D *2<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup> Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, JNMC, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India.<\/p>\n

*2<\/sup> Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, JNMC, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India. ORCID : 0000-0002-1889-9056<\/a><\/p>\n

Corresponding Author: <\/strong>Dr. Shailendra Anjankar, Plot no 50, Ganesh Nagar, S.D. Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. Mobile: +919767052577. E-Mail:<\/strong> drshailendraanjankar@gmail.com<\/p>\n

ABSTRACT:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Birth restriction methods dates back to prehistoric times, half a million years ago. Modern contraceptive methods constitute most contraceptive use. Nearly 800 million married or in-union women are projected to be using contraception in 2030. Norethisterone (synthetic progesterone) is used for many therapeutic purposes, and is being used by millions of women in India. The present study was carried out during August 2009 to July 2011 on sixty fertile females within reproductive age group. Chromosomal analysis was carried out to find the effects of synthetic progesterone (Norethisterone) on human chromosomes in lymphocyte culture in vitro <\/em>in three groups at 0, 75 \u00b5g, 100 \u00b5g of drug per ml respectively and observed for chromosomal aberrations like break, gap, dicentric chromosome and chromosomal association. Chromosomal aberrations were significantly increased at higher concentrations. Mean chromosomal gaps at 0\u00b5g\/ml, 75\u00b5g\/ml and 100 \u00b5g\/ml concentration were 6.90, 7.62 and 10.58 respectively and mean chromosomal breaks in that same concentration were 6.63, 7.28 and 10.08 respectively. 30 samples of the 60 showed chromosomal associations and 5 showed dicentric chromosomes. There is a direct correlation between increase in concentration of Norethisterone and structural chromosomal aberrations, which may be carried to next generation, and lead to anomalies in progeny of woman taking such high doses of synthetic progesterone.<\/p>\n

Key words:<\/strong>\u00a0 Norethisterone, synthetic progesterone, cytogenetics, chromosomal aberrations, Oral contraceptive Pills.<\/p>\n

REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Norman E. Medical History of Contraception. [Online]. 2002 [cited 2011 Oct 11]; Available from: URL http:\/\/www.vedamsbooks.in\/no24612\/medical-history-contraception-norman-e-himes<\/li>\n
  2. Brunton LL, Lazo Z, Parker KL. Goodman n Gilman\u2019s. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 11th<\/sup> New York: Mc Graw- Hill medical publishing division; 2009. p 1541\u20131571<\/li>\n
  3. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2015). Trends in Contraceptive Use Worldwide 2015 (ST\/ESA\/SER.A\/349).<\/li>\n
  4. Carr DH. Chromosomes after oral contraceptives. Lancet II. 1967 October 14;290(7520): 830 \u2013 831<\/li>\n
  5. Singh OS, Carr DH.A study of the effects of certain hormones on human cells in culture. Cancer Medical\u00a0 Assoc\u00a0 1970 Aug 15;103(4):349-50<\/li>\n
  6. National Toxicology Program, Department of Health and Human Services. Report on Carcinogens Twelfth Edition [Online]. 2011[cited 11oct 2011];Available from; URL:http:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/ntp\/roc\/twelfth\/roc12.pdf<\/li>\n
  7. Anjankar SD, Poornima S, Raju S, Jaleel M, Bhiladvala D, Hasan Q. Degenerated intervertebral disc prolapse and its association of collagen I alpha 1 Spl gene polymorphism: A preliminary case control study of Indian population.\u00a0Indian Journal of Orthopaedics. 2015;49(6):589-594. doi:10.4103\/0019-5413.168765.<\/li>\n
  8. Denver Conference. A proposed standard system of nomenclature of human mitotic chromosomes. Lancet 1960, 1:1063-5 cited in Makino S. Historical Review of Human cytogenetics – studies in the past and today. J Radiat Res 1979;20: 68-73.<\/li>\n
  9. Siddique YH, Afzal M. Evaluation of genotoxic potential of synthetic progestin chlormadinone acetate. Toxicology letters 2004 Nov;153(2):221-225<\/li>\n
  10. Ahmad ME, Shadab GGHA, Azfer MA, Afzal M. Evaluation of genotoxic potential of synthetic progestins norethindrone and norgestrel in human lymphocytes in vitro. Mutation Research\/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 2001 July 25;494,(1-2):13-20<\/li>\n
  11. Murthy PBK, Prema K. Further studies on sister chromatid exchange frequency in users of hormonal contraceptives. Mutation Research1983;119:351-354<\/li>\n
  12. Murthy PBK, Prema K. Sister-chromatid exchanges in oral contraceptive users, References and further reading may be available for this article. To view references and further reading you must purchase this article.. Mutation Research 1979 October;68(2):149-152.<\/li>\n
  13. Dhillon VS, Dhillon IK, Genotoxicity evaluation of norethisterone acetate.. Mutation 1996 Jan;367(1):1-10<\/li>\n
  14. Naz F, Jyoti S, Akhtar N, Afzal M, Siddique YH. Genotoxic damage in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes of oral contraceptive users. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2012 Oct 31;13(3):301-5.<\/li>\n
  15. Naz F, Jyoti S, Rahul, Akhtar N, Siddique YH. Effect of Oral Contraceptive Pills on the Blood Serum Enzymes and DNA Damage in Lymphocytes Among Users.\u00a0Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry. 2016;31(3):294-301.<\/li>\n
  16. Siddique YH, Beg T, Afzal M. Genotoxic potential of ethinylestradiol in cultured mammalian cells. Chemico-biological interactions. 2005 Jan 15;151(2):133-41.<\/li>\n
  17. Siddique YH, Ara G, Beg T, Afzal M. Genotoxic potential of medroxyprogesterone acetate in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Life sciences. 2006 Dec 23;80(3):212-8.<\/li>\n
  18. Siddique YH, Afzal M. Genotoxic potential of cyproterone acetate: a possible role of reactive oxygen species. Toxicology in vitro. 2005 Feb 28;19(1):63-8.<\/li>\n
  19. Siddique YH, Afzal M. A review on the genotoxic effects of some synthetic progestins. Int J Pharmacol. 2008;4(6):410-30.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\t\t\t

    \n \t Cite this article:<\/strong><\/span> Anjankar Sumedha, Anjankar S.D. EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PROGESTERONE (NORETHISTERONE) ON HUMAN CHROMOSOMES: A CYTOGENETIC STUDY FROM INDIA. Int J Anat Res 2018;6(2.3):5288-5293.\u00a0DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>10.16965\/ijar.2018.188\u00a0 \n <\/div>\t\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Type of Article:\u00a0\u00a0Original Research Volume 6; Issue 2.3 (June 2018) Page No.:\u00a05288-5293 DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2018.188 EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PROGESTERONE (NORETHISTERONE) ON HUMAN CHROMOSOMES: A CYTOGENETIC STUDY FROM INDIA Anjankar Sumedha 1, Anjankar S.D *2. 1 Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, JNMC, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra, India. *2 Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosurgery, JNMC, Sawangi (M), Wardha, Maharashtra,
    + Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1343"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1343"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1343\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1345,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1343\/revisions\/1345"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}