{"id":1121,"date":"2018-01-04T15:10:36","date_gmt":"2018-01-04T15:10:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/?page_id=1121"},"modified":"2018-01-04T15:10:36","modified_gmt":"2018-01-04T15:10:36","slug":"ijar-2017-477","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2017-477","title":{"rendered":"IJAR.2017.477"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-row\"><div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/ijar.6.1\/IJAR.2017.477.pdf\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#6b0e00;border-color:#560c00;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;border-color:#98574d;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;text-shadow:none;-moz-text-shadow:none;-webkit-text-shadow:none\"><i class=\"sui sui-cloud-download\" style=\"font-size:13px;color:#FFFFFF\"><\/i> DOWNLOAD PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ijmhr.org\/ijar-vol-6-1.htm\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#6b0e00;border-color:#560c00;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;border-color:#98574d;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;text-shadow:none;-moz-text-shadow:none;-webkit-text-shadow:none\"><i class=\"sui sui-book\" style=\"font-size:13px;color:#FFFFFF\"><\/i> Table of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Type of Article:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Original Research<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Volume 6; Issue 1.1 (January 2018)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Page No.:<\/strong>\u00a04831-4835<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2017.477<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">A MORPHOMETRICAL STUDY OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN ADULT HUMAN DRIED SKULL OF SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Ashwini C<sup> 1<\/sup>, Pratik Khona *<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>1<\/sup> Assistant professor, Dept of Anatomy, Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><sup>*2 <\/sup>Assistant professor, Dept of Anatomy, Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Address for correspondence: Dr. Pratik Khona, <\/strong>Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy,\u00a0Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India. Mob: 9916575877\u00a0\u00a0<strong>E-Mail:<\/strong> drpratikkhona@gmail.com<strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>ABSTRACT: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Introduction:<\/strong> Foramen magnum is a wide opening present in the occipital bone of the cranium. Morphometry of foramen magnum are important because vital structures pass through it and for sex determination of skulls. The aim of the present study was to conduct morphometric analysis of foramen magnum.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Materials and Methods:<\/strong>\u00a0 Completely ossified 162 adult human dry skulls of unknown age and sex were taken from the Department of Anatomy of Gadag institute of medical sciences, Gadag. The skull samples which were deformed were excluded from the study. The antero-posterior and transverse diameters were measured using a digital vernier caliper graded upto 0.01mm. The statistical analysis was carried out and the results were tabulated.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Results:<\/strong> The longitudinal diameter of the foramen magnum in the present study was between 31 \u2013 36 mm\u00a0\u00a0 with a mean of 33 mm <u>+<\/u> 1.4 (Mean <u>+<\/u> SD). The transverse diameter was between 25 mm -30 mm with a mean of 27 mm + 1.6.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Conclusion: <\/strong>Knowledge of foramen magnum measurements are useful for anatomists, neurosurgeons, radiologists, and also anthropologists. The data obtained will be useful to the neurosurgeon in understanding the anatomy of craniovertebral junction in a newly described transcondylar approach for brain stem lesion particularly in preoperative assessment.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Key words<\/strong><strong>: \u00a0<\/strong>Skull, Foramen Magnum, Morphometry.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Standarding S. Gray\u2019s anatomy. The anatomical basis of clinical practice. 39th ed. London: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2005 .460-65.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Murshed AK, Cicekcibasi AE, Tuncer I. Morphometric evaluation of the foramen magnum and variations in its shape: A study on computerized Tomographic images of normal adults. Turk J Med Sci., 2003; 33: 301-306<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Chethan P, Prakash KG, Murlimanju BV, Prashant KU,Prabhu LV, Saralaya VV et.al Morphological Analysis and Morphometry of the Foramen Magnum: An Anatomical\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Turkish Neurosurgery 2012; 22 (4): 416-19<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sgouros S, Goldin HJ, Hockely AD, Wake MJ, et al. Intracranial volume change in childhood. J Neurosurg 1999;91 :610-16.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Muthukumar N, Swaminathan R, Venkatesh G,Bhamumathi SP. A morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum region as it relates to transcondylar approach. Actaneurochir (Wien), 2005; 147(8): 889- 95.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Radhika et al . Morphometric Study Of The Foramen Magnum In Adult Human Skulls In IndianPopulation .Asian J Med Clin Sci ,Mar &#8211; Aug 2014 Vol-3 (2): 68-72.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Berge JK,Bergmann RA. 2001. Variation in size and in symmetry of the foramina of the human skull. Clin Anat 14: 406\u2013413.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gruber P., HennebergM, B\u00f6ni T. and R\u00fchli F. J. Variability of Human Foramen Magnum Size. Anat Rec 2009; 292:1713\u201319.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Manoel C, Prado FB, Caria PHF, Groppo FC. Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum in human skulls of brazilian individuals: its relation to gender. Braz. J. Morphol. Sci 2009; 26(2): 104-108.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Naderi S, Korman E, Citak G, Guvencer M, C Arman M, M S, Morphometric analysis of human occipital condyle. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 107, 2005, 191-199.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kizilkanat E D, Boyan N, Morphometry of hypoglossal canal, occipital condyle and foramen magnum: abstract,Neurosurgery quarterly, 16(3), 2006, 121-125.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ozer MA, Celik S, Govsa F, Ulusoy MO. Anatomicaldetermination of a safe entry point for occipital screw usingthree-dimensional landmarks. Eur Spine J, 2011;20(9):1510-17.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sahoo sanjukta et al Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 33(2), July \u2013 August 201: 198-204.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shepur PM, Magi M ,B Nanjudappa, Havaldar PP, Gogi P,Saheb S, \u00a0Morphometric analysis of foramen magnum Int J Anat Res 2014, Vol 2(1):249-55.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Avic E, Dagtekin A, Ozturk AH, Kara E, Ozturk NC, Uluc K et.al. Anatomical variations of the foramen magnum,occipital condyle and jugular tubercle. Turk Neurosurg 2011; 21(2):181-190.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Tubbs RS, Griessenauer CJ, Loukas M, Shoja MM, Cohen-Gadol AA. Morphometrics analysis of\u00a0 foramen\u00a0 magnum: ananatomic study. Neurosurgery 2010; 66(2): 385-88.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Osunwoke EA, Oladipo GS, Gwunireama IU, Ngaokere JO.Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum and jugularforamen in adult skulls in southern Nigerian population. Am.\u00a0 Sci. Ind. Res., 2012; 3(6): 446-448.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Suazo GIC, Russo PP, Zavando MDA, Smith RL, Sexual dimorphism in foramen magnum dimensions International Journal of Morphology; 2009; 27(1): 21-23.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Manoel C, Prado FB, Caria PHF, Groppo FC.Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum in human skulls of brazilian individuals: its relation to gender. Braz. J. Morphol. Sci 2009; 26(2): 104-108.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n\t\t\t <div class=\"promo1\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7; border-color: #6b0e00 #e8e6e6 #e8e6e6;\">\n             \t <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Cite this article:<\/strong><\/span> Ashwini C, Pratik Khona. A MORPHOMETRICAL STUDY OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN ADULT HUMAN DRIED SKULL OF SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION. Int J Anat Res 2018;6(1.1):4831-4835. <strong>DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>10.16965\/ijar.2017.477\u00a0 \n             <\/div>\t\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Type of Article:\u00a0\u00a0Original Research Volume 6; Issue 1.1 (January 2018) Page No.:\u00a04831-4835 DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2017.477 A MORPHOMETRICAL STUDY OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN ADULT HUMAN DRIED SKULL OF SOUTH INDIAN POPULATION Ashwini C 1, Pratik Khona *2. 1 Assistant professor, Dept of Anatomy, Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India. *2 Assistant professor, Dept of Anatomy, Gadag<br \/><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2017-477\">+ Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1121"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1121"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1121\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1135,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1121\/revisions\/1135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1121"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}