{"id":1027,"date":"2017-10-31T15:32:09","date_gmt":"2017-10-31T15:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/?page_id=1027"},"modified":"2017-10-31T15:33:16","modified_gmt":"2017-10-31T15:33:16","slug":"ijar-2017-412","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2017-412","title":{"rendered":"IJAR.2017.412"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"su-row\"><div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/ijar.5.4\/IJAR.2017.412.pdf\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#6b0e00;border-color:#560c00;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;border-color:#98574d;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;text-shadow:none;-moz-text-shadow:none;-webkit-text-shadow:none\"><i class=\"sui sui-cloud-download\" style=\"font-size:13px;color:#FFFFFF\"><\/i> DOWNLOAD PDF<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div class=\"su-column su-column-size-1-2\"><div class=\"su-column-inner su-u-clearfix su-u-trim\"><div class=\"su-button-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ijmhr.org\/ijar-vol-5-4.htm\" class=\"su-button su-button-style-default\" style=\"color:#FFFFFF;background-color:#6b0e00;border-color:#560c00;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px\" target=\"_self\"><span style=\"color:#FFFFFF;padding:6px 16px;font-size:13px;line-height:20px;border-color:#98574d;border-radius:5px;-moz-border-radius:5px;-webkit-border-radius:5px;text-shadow:none;-moz-text-shadow:none;-webkit-text-shadow:none\"><i class=\"sui sui-book\" style=\"font-size:13px;color:#FFFFFF\"><\/i> Table of Contents<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Type of Article:<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0Original Research<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Volume 5; Issue 4.2 (November 2017)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Page No.:<\/strong>\u00a04600-4605<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2017.412<\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"text-align: justify;\">AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF MEDIAN AND ULNAR NERVE COMMUNICATION IN THE FOREARM<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Rajasri Chunder *<sup>1<\/sup>, Amita Sarkar <sup>2<\/sup>.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><sup>*1 <\/sup>Associate\u00a0 Professor , Department Of Anatomy, Jagannath Gupta Institute Of Medical Sciences And Hospital, K.P Mondal Road, Buita, Budge Budge, Kolkata, India.<\/p>\n<p><sup>2 <\/sup>Assistant Professor, Department Of Anatomy, K. P. C.\u00a0 Medical College &amp; Hospital, 1f, Raja S.C.Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Address for correspondence: \u00a0<\/strong>Dr. Rajasri Chunder, Associate\u00a0 Professor, Department Of Anatomy, Jagannath Gupta Institute Of Medical Sciences And\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hospital, K.P Mondal Road, Buita, Budge Budge, Kolkata 700137, India. <strong>E-Mail:<\/strong> rajasrichunder@yahoo.com<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Background: <\/strong>Communications between nerves are relatively common, and individual variations in their anatomical organization have been described in various studies. Knowledge of the prevalence of such variations is necessary when establishing the diagnosis of neuropathies and surgical landmarks. This study has as purpose to report the incidence, type, topography of the presence of median and ulnar nerve communication in the forearm<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Materials and Methods:\u00a0 <\/strong>Anatomical dissection of 30 forearms procured from 15 formalin preserved cadavers was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, K.P.C Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata to demonstrate the incidence, type, topography of the anastomotic branch and the length was measured with a measuring tape. A photograph of the anomaly was also taken.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Results: <\/strong>The anastomosis was found in only two cases (6.6 %).\u00a0 Both the cases the communication was unilateral.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Conclusion: <\/strong>The Median and Ulnar nerve anastomosis has been exten\u00adsively observed by anatomic and electromyo\u00adgraphic studies. Understanding the existence of this variation, its location and its possible presentation is important to help physicians and hand surgeons to understand both anatomic variations and paradoxical complaints of sensory and motor loss of patients.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Key Words:\u00a0 <\/strong>Median nerve, Ulnar nerve, Martin-Gruber Anastomoses, anomalous innervations.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Standring S. Ellis H, Healy JC, Johnson D, Williams A. Gray\u2019s Anatomy. In<strong>:<\/strong> Johnson D. (edr)<strong>. <\/strong>40<sup>th<\/sup> edition<strong>.<\/strong> Elsevier Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. 2005; 883.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Martin, R. Tal om Nervus alimanna Egenskaper I Maniskans Kropp. Las Salvius, 1763.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Gruber, W. Ueber die Verbindung des Nervus medianus mit dem Nervus ulnaris am Unterame des Menschen um der Saugethiere. Archives of Physiology. 1870;37(2):501-522.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Nakashima, T. An anatomic study on the Martin-Gruber anastomosis. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy .1993;15:193-195.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Marinacci, A. The problem of unusual anomalous innervations of hand muscles:the value of electrodiagnosis in its evaluation. Bulletin of the Los Angeles Neurological Society. 1964;29:133-142.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Rodriguez-Niedenf\u00fchr M, Vazquez T, Parkin I, Logan B, Sa\u00f1udo JR.Mart\u00edn-Gruber anastomosis revisited. Clin. Anat. 2002;15:129-134.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kimura J., Murphy M.J., Varda D.J.Electrophysiological study of anomalous innervation of intrinsic hand muscles. Arch. Neurol. 1976;33:842-844.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Srinivasan R, Rhodes J. The median-ulnar anastomosis (Martin-Gruber) in normal and congenitally abnormal foetuses. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6454405\">Arch <\/a>N<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/6454405\">eurol.<\/a> 1981 Jul;38(7):418-9.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Leibovic SJ, Hastings H .Martin-Gruber revisited. Hand Surg. 1992;17:47-53.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Prates LC, Carvalho VC,Prates JC, Langone F, Esquisatto MAM. The Martin Gruber anastomosis in Brazilians: An anatomical study. J. morphol. Sci. 2003;20(3):177-180.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Crutchfield CA, Gutmann L. Hereditary aspects of median-ulnar nerve communications. Neurol.Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1980;43:53\u201355.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uchida Y, Sugiota Y. Electrodiagnosis of Martin-Gruber anastomosis. J Hand Surg. 1992;17:47-53.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amoiridis G. Median-ulnar nerve communications and anomalous innervation of the intrinsic hand muscles: an electrophysiological study. Muscle Nerve. 1992;15:576-579.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shu H.S., Chantelot C., Oberlin C., Alnot J.Y., Shao H. Martin-Gruber commu\u00adnicating branch: Anatomical and histological study. Surg. Radiol. Anat. 1999;21:115-118.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Erdem HR, Ergun S, Erturk C, Ozel S. Electrophysiological evaluation of the incidence of Martin-Gruber anastomosis in healthy subjects. Yonsei Med. J. 2002;43:291\u2013295.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sarikcioglu L., Sindel M., Ozkaynak S., Aydin H. Median and ulnar nerve com\u00admunication in the forearm: an anatomical and electrophysiological study. Med. Sci. Monit. 2003;9:351-356.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lee K.S., Oh C.S., Chung I.H., Sunwoo I.N. An anatomic study of the Martin- Gruber anastomosis: electrodiagnostic implications. Muscle Nerve. 2005;31:95-97.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Kazakos K.J., Smyrnis A., Xarchas K.C., Dimitrakopoulova A., Veretas D.A. Anastomosis between the ulnar and median nerves and literature review. Acta Orthop. Belg. 2005;71:29-35.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Almeida J.A., Vitti M., Garbino J.A. Estudo anat\u00f3mico da anastomose de Mar\u00adtin-Gruber. Hansen Int. 1999;24:15-20.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Felippe M.M., Telles F.L., Soares A.C., Felippe F.M. Anastomosis between medi\u00adan nerve and ulnar nerve in the forearm. J. Morphol. Sci. 2012;29:23-26.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Taams KO. Martin-Gruber connections in South Africa. An anatomical study. Hand Surg. 1997;22B:328\u2013330.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cavalheiro CS, Filho MR, Pedro G, Caetano MF, Vieiraa LA, Caetano EB. Clinical repercussions of Martin-Gruber anastomosis: anatomical study.Rev Bras Ortop. 2016;51(2):214\u2013223.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Caetano E.B, Vieira L.A, Caetano M.F, Cavalheiro C.S, Filho M.R, NetoJ.J.S. Intramuscular Martin-Gruber Anastomosis. Acta Ortop Bras. 2016;24(2):94-7.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Verchere F. Note sur innervation des muscles fl\u00e9xisseurs communs des doigts. Anastomose du nerf median et du nerf cubital. Union Med. 1883;35:205-7.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Wilbourn AJ, Lambert E. The forearm median to ulnar nerve communication: electrodiagnostic aspects. Neurology 1976;26:368.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Carter W., Murphy D., Armendariz R<em>.<\/em>Partial Thenar Atrophy as a Physical Manifestation of Martin Gruber Anastomosis. Ecuat. Neurol. 2013;22:1-3.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Brandsma JW, Birke JA, Sims DS. The Martin-Gruber innervated hand. J Hand Surg. 1986;11A:536-39.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Simonetti S. Electrophysiological study of forearm sensory fibre crossover in Martin-Gruber anastomosis. Muscle Nerve.2001;24:380-386.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Shafic A, Moussalen C, Stafford J. Cubital tunnel syndrome presenting with carpal tunnel symptoms: clinical evidence for sensory for median to ulnar nerve communication. Am J Orthop. 2009;38(6):104\u20136.<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Isakovi\u0107 E, Deli\u0107 J, Bajtarevi\u0107 A. Martin-gruber Anastomosis and Transposition in Cubital Tunnel. Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences .2007;7(1):71-73.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n\t\t\t <div class=\"promo1\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7; border-color: #6b0e00 #e8e6e6 #e8e6e6;\">\n             \t <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>Cite this article:<\/strong><\/span> Rajasri Chunder, Amita Sarkar. AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF MEDIAN AND ULNAR NERVE COMMUNICATION IN THE FOREARM. Int J Anat Res 2017;5(4.2):4600-4605. <strong>DOI:\u00a0<\/strong>10.16965\/ijar.2017.412\u00a0 \n             <\/div>\t\n\t\t\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Type of Article:\u00a0\u00a0Original Research Volume 5; Issue 4.2 (November 2017) Page No.:\u00a04600-4605 DOI:\u00a0https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.16965\/ijar.2017.412 AN ANATOMICAL STUDY OF MEDIAN AND ULNAR NERVE COMMUNICATION IN THE FOREARM Rajasri Chunder *1, Amita Sarkar 2. *1 Associate\u00a0 Professor , Department Of Anatomy, Jagannath Gupta Institute Of Medical Sciences And Hospital, K.P Mondal Road, Buita, Budge Budge, Kolkata, India. 2<br \/><a class=\"moretag\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/ijar-2017-412\">+ Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1027"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1027"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1029,"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1027\/revisions\/1029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ijmhr.org\/IntJAnatRes\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}